The Małopolska constitutes the region (voivodeship) of extreme concentration of human factor in rural areas. The key problem of regional economy in rural areas is the elevated share of agricultural population. The all rural population is affected by the high registered unemployment with the high hidden unemployment among the farmers. Additionally the rural population is characterized by relatively high natural increase and positive migration balance. The mountain part of province presents the areas with the most significant natural movement. The article presents characteristics of rural population development and changes in age structure in the Małopolska Province. It indicates the socio-economic consequences of changeability of rural population from regional policy point of view.
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