Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Considerations On Dositej Obradović's Stay And Travels In Italy

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Lazarević Di Giacomo P.

Slavica Lodziensia

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2017

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tom 1

EN

This paper presents new data related to Dositej Obradović’s stay in Italy and the travels he undertook while he was there. In the period between 1769 and 1780 Obradović visited Trieste, Venice, Padua, Ferrara, Bologna, Florence, Pistoia, Lucca, Pisa, Livorno and Messina and later described these travels in his autobiography The Life and Adventures (1783). Although he is rather sketchy in his descriptions, we nonetheless discover that he became acquainted with a number of interesting fi gures of the day and was witness to contemporary events and phenomena: he tells us, for example, about the provveditore with whom he sailed to Venice and about the Rules of Health promulgated by the Venetian Republic in connection with the plague which was then raging. He also testifi es to the diet of the Venetian navy and the order issued by Catholic authorities prohibiting Orthodox priests from other countries from performing services in Dalmatia. The canale navile, in Bologna was also the object of Obradović’s attention. This artifi cial hydraulic system was a navigable channel making it possible to sail from Venice to Bologna(!) in the past. His descriptions of the heavily travelled road between Bologna and Florence and of the earthquake in Messina which took place after his departure for Chios are also interesting historical accounts of the period.

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Alphabetum Boëmicum (1718): slabikář pro učené

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Koupil O.

Listy filologické (Folia philologica)

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2013

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tom 136

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nr 3-4

365-382

EN

The aim of this article is to present the contents and accents of anonymously published Prague print Alphabetum Boëmicum (1718 in K. F. Rosenmüller’s publishing house). The book is written in Latin and provides the summarization of the traditional Czech orthography of Bohemian and Moravian printers of the 16th–19th century. The author of Alphabetum relies on the authority of Venceslaus Joannes Rosa’s grammar of Czech (1672). His practical handbook contains special orthographical rules (‘licentia scribentium’) for the scriveners in Czech – in the history of Czech language this is to be regarded as a rare testimony of the reflection of the distinction between the orthography for printers and that for scriveners.

3

Cathérine Le Grand dans les écrits de Charles-Joseph de Ligne

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Pychowska J.

Studia Romanica Posnaniensia

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2012

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tom 39

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nr 1

41-48

EN

Charles-Joseph de Ligne (1735-1814), a Wallon and European Prince, subject of the Austro-Hungary Empire, a heartbreaker of the French Europe, is considered the most famous representative of literary cosmopolitanism. War, love and writing were inseparable in his life. He took part in numerous military campaigns, serving both Austria and Russia, as a Russian colonel, a commander of the order of Maria Theresa, and an Austrian fi eld marshal. He authored various texts related to war; he admired heroism of Charles II, Conde, the tactics of Frederick II, the strategies of Napoleon, Catherine II. The latter was immportalized in de Ligne’s various texts representing different literary genres. The Prince was clearly fascinated by the Empress, and he depicted her in a positive light as an educated person, both agreable and determined. Can we, however, talk about the documentary character of his work ? Instead, the Prince seems to be a documentalist-interpreter.

FR

Charles-Joseph de Ligne (1735-1814), a Wallon and European Prince, subject of the Austro-Hungary Empire, a heartbreaker of the French Europe, is considered the most famous representative of literary cosmopolitanism. War, love and writing were inseparable in his life. He took part in numerous military campaigns, serving both Austria and Russia, as a Russian colonel, a commander of the order of Maria Theresa, and an Austrian field marshal. He authored various texts related to war; he admired heroism of Charles II, Conde, the tactics of Frederick II, the strategies of Napoleon, Catherine II. The latter was immortalized in de Ligne’s various texts representing different literary genres. The Prince was clearly fascinated by the Empress, and he depicted her in a positive light as an educated person, both agreable and determined. Can we, however, talk about the documentary character of his work ? Instead, the Prince seems to be a documentalist-interpreter.

4

Poľnohospodárska produkcia na koháryovských majetkoch v Novohradskej stolici po povstaní Františka Rákociho II.

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Szirácsik É.

Acta historica Neosoliensia Vedecký časopis pre historické vedy

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2016

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tom 19

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nr 1

4-33

EN

In the period after the Rákóczi Freedom Fight on the Kohárys’ Nógrád-centred three estates the most significant manor was owned by István Koháry. On his land the ploughlands, meadows and pasturelands were more extensive than on the common family possession and the lands belonging to Koháry Farkas’ sons. Only the undivided landed property and István Koháry’s estate had manorial vineyards probably the latter being the bigger ones. And only István Koháry had a very modest manorial garden. In István Koháry’s manor in Fülek (Fiľakovo) horses, donkeys, cattle and bees were kept. As for András Koháry’s land sources indicate only horses and pigs, while for the common family land only in one year paid horse grooms are mentioned, originally employed on István Koháry’s land. In the estate forests hunting was carried out and mushroom was collected for the landlords. Fees or tenth were imposed on pigs fed on acorn in these forests. Water usage of the estates, however, can hardly be found in documents.

5

Usage of the Atlas of Silesia from 1752 in European cartographic publications

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Wytyczak R.

Polish Cartographical Review

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2018

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tom Vol. 50, No. 1

47--56

EN

The author discusses adaptations of maps from the Atlas of Silesia published by European cartographers in more important atlases and multi-sheet maps from the second half of the 18th and early 19th century. Thanks to such adaptations the cartographic image of Silesia could be observed far beyond its borders. Its quality varied, however, both in planimetric contents and in relief. While situation was mostly represented rather correctly in relation to the maps from the Atlas of Silesia, presentation of orography largely differed from the original as well as from its real character. Even application of three methods of relief presentation on a single map did not bring on proper results, mainly due to the fact that the authors of adaptations did not know Silesia.

6

The Population of Fejér County in the 18thCentury Through the Eyes of Foreign Travellers

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Sztana-Kovács A.

Acta Universitatis Sapientiae, Philologica

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2014

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tom 5

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nr 2

169-183

EN

Lack of source material makes it difficult to examine the population history of the times of the Ottoman domination in Fejér county. Therefore it is inevitable to use memoirs, travel diaries, travel books and country descriptions penned by foreign travellers. In our study we are following the change of the image of the Hungarians, and the images of other ethnic groups as they appear in the memoirs of foreign visitors. In this paper we compare the descriptions of different ethnic groups inhabiting the county in the 18th century. We are interested in the following questions: first, how much of these descriptions are based on personal experience; secondly, to what extent these books reflect their authors’ experiences or they are rather influenced by stereotypes of their age or earlier periods

7

Neznámý výrobek cikánských kovářů na Moravě 18. století

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Hanzal J.

Národopisný věstník

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2023

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tom 40_(82)

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nr 1

115-118

EN

The local Gypsies and the Gypsies coming to the country from Upper Hungary (present- day Slovakia) practiced mainly blacksmith’s trade. They produced a variety of blacksmith’s products, in the production of which guild blacksmiths were not involved or not able to make such products. A funnel for force-feeding geese is a recently identified product of the Hungarian Gypsies.

8

Stavba Klášterského mlýna ve Svaté Dobrotivé v letech 1701–1702. Rozbor a edice účtu

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Maur E.

Folia historica Bohemica

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2013

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tom 28

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nr 1

151-177

EN

A bill for building a mill in Svatá Dobrotivá on the Zbiroh demesne in 1701–1702, which is recorded and interpreted there, provides a unique illustration of building a village mill in the early 18th century and describes its equipment. It shows how estate owners used their position to reduce the price (by employing craftsmen only from their estates, corvée in digging the foundations, collection of stones and transport of material) at the break of the 16th and 17th century. It also serves as a valuable source of terminology used in the contemporary crafts.

9

„Prosta mowa” w tekstach o charakterze religijnym XVIII wieku (na podstawie wydań trebników w drukarniach bazyliańskich)

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Getka J.

Acta Neophilologica

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2016

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nr 18/2

129-139

EN

This article analyzes fragments of texts written in the prosta mova found in trebnyks printed by the Basilians. These fragments testify to the presence of the prosta mova in the church. They also confirm the opinions concerning the faint understanding of the Church Slavonic language by ordinary followers. In order for the faithful to able to consciously participate in various sacraments, the texts contained in the trebnyks were adapted to local language reality. The Basilian trebnyks that are subject to analysis in this article (except for the one printed in Supraśl) are very similar to the Orthodox Trebnyk by P. Mohyla, referred to here as relevant to the context of the problem. The fact that the Basilians followed Mohyla’s pattern so eagerly contradicts the emerging theories that the Basilian Order was engaged solely in the Polonisation activities.

10

Kontakty interpersonalne staropolskich podróżników stanu duchownego

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Rok B.

Saeculum Christianum. Pismo Historyczne

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2017

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tom XXIV

198-215

EN

The text presents different types of interpersonal contacts in the course of the journey based on Polish clergymen’s travel reports from the 18th century. The clergy establish numerous contacts primarily with other encountered travelers of their state. Also, information about meetings with peregrines and people on subsequent stages of the journey can be found. Interesting, contacts include Poles and important people of that time. It is important to emphasize the assertiveness of clergy travelers and their openness towards representatives of foreign nations.

11

Historia prasy w nowym ujęciu (o książce Dzieje prasy polskiej. Wiek XVIII Danuty Hombek)

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Chlewicka K.

Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis Studia ad Bibliothecarum Scientiam Pertinentia

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2017

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tom 15

402-407

EN

Review article of the book: D. Hombek, Dzieje prasy polskiej: wiek XVIII (do 1795 r.). Kielce:Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jana Kochanowskiego, 2016, ISBN 978-83-7133-668-3, 174 p.

12

„Pomoc nie tylko dla zgromadzenia mego…” Działalność edytorska benedyktynek wileńskich za rządów ksieni Franciszki Anny Wołłowiczówny

89%

Gwioździk J.

Śląskie Studia Polonistyczne

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2017

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tom 10

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nr 2

68-91

EN

At the end of Saxon times and in the king Stanisław period, the Benedictine monastery in Vilnius was a community of people who used various types of prints; in accordance with the patterns of behavior and communication habits characteristic of the feminine contemplative community. The merits of Wołłowiczówna were twofold: she initialized the creation of the texts and she resumed and subsidized prints, which were published for the use of the monastery and to meet the religious needs of the society. The created texts were mainly works in the field of theology of spirituality, which certified the role of the written word in the monastery, and normative as well as formative works, which were used in the internal circulation of the monastery (and in other monasteries of various rules). The translated and native ascetical literature and brackish texts, however, were made available not only to the Benedictines, but also to the public. Also,occasional prints were published: those created and maintained the monastery’s bonds with the clergy and the local society and, at the same time, documented important events in the life of the community.

13

"Abbé" Scipio Piattoli ve Slovanském přehledu podruhé

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Hlavačka M.

Slovanský přehled: historická revue pro dějiny střední, východní a jihovýchodní Evropy (Slavonic Review: Review for Central, Eastern and Southeastern European history)

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2021

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tom 107

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nr 2

473-510

EN

This contribution offers an edition of a document that is now kept in the Austrian state archive in the Viennese neighborhood of Erdberg. It was written in connection with the arrest of Polish aristocratic patriots in July 1794 in Karlsbad, Prague, and Vienna; however, it only reached its present length in 1885. At that time, confidential orders were issued by Eugen Lippich, the government secretary of the Ministry of Trade in Vienna, for the archivists to quickly process all the files from the Prague governor’s archives concerning the arrest and imprisonment of Scipio Piattoli. They were also to find out whether his correspondence that was seized by the police, and above all else, the diary that Scipio Piattoli kept during his almost six years of imprisonment in Josefov and in Prague, were still there in the archives. Scipio Piattoli was imprisoned because he played an important role as a mediator between the Polish king and the opposition during the Great Sejm that voted for the Constitution of 3 May 1791. He actively supported the Kościuszko Uprising by establishing diplomatic relations with French revolutionaries. After the suppression of the Kościuszko Uprising by Russian and Prussian troops in November 1794, almost all of the Polish aristocrats who were detained in Austria were released from prison. However, only abbé Scipio Piattoli, from whom the Vienna and Prague police had promised to gain confidential information about an alleged pan-European organization of revolutionaries, was detained until May 1800. Scipio Piattoli the lived the rest of his years in the court of the Duchess of Courland.

14

Z dziejów kontrreformacji na Śląsku Cieszyńskim albo jak Suchankowie z Brzezówki w XVII i XVIII wieku wiarę zmieniali

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Morys-Twarowski M.

Historica: revue pro historii a příbuzné vědy (Historica: Review in history and related sciences)

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2018

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tom 9

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nr 1

83-99

EN

The starting point of this article is an attempt to answer the following question: why did some peasants in Cieszyn Silesia choose to convert to Catholicism during the Counter-Reformation (1654–1781), while others remained Protestant? This article analyzes the denominational choices of one ordinary peasant family living in Cieszyn Silesia at the time – the Suchanek family, who resided in the village of Brzezówka (now in the Cieszyn district), belonged to the Teschener Kammer (Komora Cieszyńska, Těšínská komora), a princely state owned by the Habsburg family. Contrary to claims made in existing literature, there is no evidence linking an individual’s affluence to their choice of denomination. The decisive factor was in fact the individual’s wife’s denomination – to put it in simple terms, some put emphasis on which church to go to, while others put emphasis on who they go to church with.

15

Obraz islamu w Rzeczpospolitej w XVIII w.

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Maśko A.

Przegląd Orientalistyczny

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2015

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nr 3-4

191-206

EN

The end of successive wars between the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and the Ottoman Empire (the treaty of Karlowitz, 1699) and a new peaceful coexistence brought gradually changes in Poland in the 18th century as far as the perception of the Muslim state is concerned. This was also due to cultural transformations – the adoption of the ideas of the Enlightenment and orientalism which came into fashion in Western Europe. At that time, the so-called ‘sarmatian’ ideology and mentality, dominant in Poland in the previous century, were still common. The aim of this article is to answer the question whether the influence of these foreign novelties on the Polish image of Islam was significant. The main sources of knowledge about Islam in Poland in the 18th century are considered to be the published works of prominent Polish authors such as Józef Mikosza, Kajetan Chrzanowski, Franciszek Bohomolec and Ignacy Krasicki. Their descriptions of Muslim beliefs are compared with information from Polish magazines, encyclopaedias, geography textbooks, travel descriptions and diaries from the same century as well as with Polish works dealing with this topic which were written in the previous two centuries, and finally with foreign works about Islam which had won some popularity among Polish readers. Two examples are discussed – opinions about the Prophet Muhammad and the Qur’an. The main part of the article is preceded by a short presentation of the aforementioned cultural changes and followed by a conclusion.

16

Zwischen Sehen und Tasten. Zum Paradigmenwechsel in der deutschen Ästhetik des 18. Jahrhunderts

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Tkaczyk K.

Acta Philologica

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2015

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nr 47

17-25

PL

Refleksja o świetle prowadzi w estetyce niemieckiej XVIII w. do rewizji reguł dotyczących percepcji sztuki. Winckelmannowski imperatyw oglądania dzieł sztuki w świetle dziennym i z pewnej odległości oddaje pole koncepcji Herdera, który wprowadza w obszar estetyki zmysł dotyku i brak światła, i zaleca dotykanie rzeźb nocą, co ma uzmysłowić odbiorcy sztuki ich dosłowną i metaforyczną wielkość. Z kolei Moritz postuluje oglądanie rzeźb o zmierzchu, w ożywiającym je migotliwym świetle pochodni.

EN

In German aesthetics of the 18th century, reflections on light lead to the revision of rules regarding the perception of art. Winckelmann’s conception of viewing art in daylight and from a certain distance gives way to the theory of Herder, who introduces the sense of touch and lack of light into aesthetics and suggests that in order to fully understand them, sculptures should be touched at night. This will make the public aware of both their literal and metaphorical greatness. Moritz, in turn, postulates viewing sculptures at dusk, when they come to life in the flickering light of a burning torch.

17

Maloizvestnyj rukopisnyj vostochnoslavjanskij slovar XVIII veka

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Fałowski A.

Rocznik Slawistyczny

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2012

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tom 61

16-23

EN

The article deals with the handwritten dictionary from the first half of the 18th century, which is kept in the department of manuscripts in the Jagiellonian Library (Ms. Slav. Qu.28 Lexicon slavo-rutenicum). To some extent its title is erroneous. Actually, it is a trilingual East Slavic–Latin–German dictionary – which was not finished, as it had been compiled only till the end of the letter “o”. It consists of 746 pages in the quarto format. S. Strojew recognized Mathurina Veyssière de La Croze (1661-1739) as the author of the dictionary; he was a French orientalist and polyglot, who worked in the Royal Library of Berlin. In the dictionary, East Slavic material is mostly represented by the Church Slavonic language and there are also a lot of Western Ruthenian (Old Ukrainian) words. First of all, the author of this article pays attention to the lexis of the Russian language of that period, in particular to the common words and phrases which still exist nowadays without any changes (for example, блядка, блядун, выблядок, выхухоль, ведьма, вязига, гагара, дышло, задница, лодыжка, лютик, обезьяна, оглобли, оладьи, отек, отпуск, очень), and also to dialect words, which are used just in some restricted areas and have been registered only in the dialect dictionaries of Russian language (for example, байка, байник, балушка, балушник, берсень, борозна, ботник, буга, варадомаи, воробец, воспа). This lexis was systematized and characterized from the viewpoint of restricted areas and analyzed on the base of W. Dahl’s dictionary and the multivolume “Dictionary of Russian Dialects” (“Словарь русских народных говоров”). The compiled list of such words consists of 115 units (letters a-o). The last part of the article is dedicated to the sources of the material (dictionaries and texts), used by the putative author for his lexicon.

18

Jean Emmanuel Gilibert i Francuzi w Polsce i na Litwie w latach 1770-1780

88%

Beauvois D.

Kwartalnik Historii Nauki i Techniki

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2015

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tom 60

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nr 1

7-16

EN

The author is trying to remind us of great role of French culture and French people in spreading the ideas of Enlightenment in Poland. Common use of French language in high societies in 18th century and excellent knowledge of books from Paris created favourite conditions for contacts of Poland with France. The best evidence of common culture of Enlightenment was the Commission of National Education (KEN) and the deep social changes. The direct contacts of French thinkers, writers and scientists with Poland also caused the changes of horizons of aristocracy and gentry. We will remind the main animators of this movement followed A. Jobert. J.E. Gilibert takes a very important place among the animators of Enlightenment. Author intends to present the phases of knowing him, generally mentioning the main conclusions of many research on Gilibert. At the same time author leaves to next speakers a detailed analyze of Gilbert’s contribution to the development of Polish science

19

Sermons as a Formation of Ethical Behavior of Man in the Second Half of the 18th Century, Based on the Example of Sermons by Dominik Mokoš OFM (1718-1776)

88%

Škovierová A.

Vox Patrum

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2023

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tom 85

193-210

EN

Dominik Mokoš (1718–22.XII.1776) was a Franciscan monk and religious writer who also acted as preacher, vicar, teacher and chronicler in the second half of the 18th century in various regions of Slovakia (such as Nižná Šebastová, Stropkov, Kremnica, Pruské, Okoličné, Beckov) or as a missionary in various areas of Šariš, Spiš, Orava and Poland. He was one of the most prolific authors of homiletic literature in the second half of the 18th century in Slovakia. In his Marian, Christmas and lenten preaching, we can identify intertextual references to the Bible, patristic, medieval and humanist religious literature. This study focuses on how these sources were used by Mokoš to draft his sermons and how he applied their moral tidings to the particular situations that the believers in the 18th century were facing.

20

Zdraví a nemoc očima barokního aristokrata. Zdravotní stav knížete Waltera Xavera z Ditrichštejna ve 20. letech 18. století

88%

Maršálková L.

Folia historica Bohemica

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2015

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tom 30

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nr 1

171-195

EN

The essay focuses on the count and later prince Walter Xaver of Dietrichstein (1664–1738) especially as regards his poor health and its potential unfavourable influence on his life and career, manifestations of this influence and the chosen treatments - the researched sources are viewed through Patientengeschichte optics. This High Baroque aristocrat has not been attracted much attention of the researchers up to now, most likely because of his failure to acquire a higher court position, working only in the land offices (especially in the Margraviate of Moravia). Although he had almost ideal conditions to establish himself in the court society from a certain time, he refrained from this opportunity. It may have been caused by predestination of a spiritual career, but also by his health problems, from which he had suffered since his early childhood (he suffered from headaches, waves of melancholy and serious eye problems). Extant sources documenting the health condition of the Prince of Dietrichstein mainly cover the 1720s. They are deposited in the Moravian Land Archives in Brno and represent originals and concepts of letters exchanged between the prince and the doctors, his relatives and friends as well as detailed medical recommendations and advice. However, we can find sporadic reports on his health condition in letters written at his young age or correspondence with Aloys Thomas Raimund von Harrach dated the 1720s and 30s deposited in the Viennese Allgemeines Verwaltunsgsarchiv.