r jle fillin are Jewish prayer phylacteries made out J- of un-tanned animal hide. They comprise two black painted, closed boxes, stitched along the edges and containing fragments of the Torah written on strips of parchment. Straps of tanned leather, painted black on the outside, are affixed to the boxes and are used for placing them on the body - one box is attached above the forehead (tefillin shel rosh), and the other - on the upper left arm (tefillin shel yad). The tradition of the tefillin, worn by pious Jews, goes back to antiquity. The phylacteries can be encountered in private collection and at auctions. Unfortunately, the state of their preservation is often highly unsatisfactory and calls for conservation and restoration as well as suitable storage conditions. The article discusses the outcome of studies on the state of the preservation of exhibits featured at the Museum in Chrzanów - the Urbańczyk I louse and the Auschwitz-Birkenau State Museum in Oświęcim as well as in private collections, and analyses the reasons for the damage. The conducted research demonstrated the presence of numerous tvpes of damage, such as deformations, cracks, chipped black paint, dust, scratches and gaps. One of the most important causes involves unstable storage conditions.
Badaniom podddano dwa dawne żydowskie przedmioty religijne (nazywane 'tefilin' lub 'filakterie'), wykonane ze specjalnie preparowanej skóry zwierzęcej. Z punktu widzenia chemicznego/analitycznego 'tefilin' są w zdecydowanej większości zbudowane z materiałów proteinowych. Jadnak brak jest szczegółowych danych na temat wszystkich materiałów, z których wytwarza się owe niezwykłe przedmioty.
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