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1
Content available Vliv temporálních manipulací na vnímání kompetence mluvčího
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Berkovcová Z. , Černikovská Š. , Skarnitzl R.
Studie z aplikované lingvistiky - Studies in Applied Linguistics
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2016
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tom 7
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nr 1
7-19
EN
Speech communication research based on psychological methods currently stands at the forefront of scientific interest. Speech is an integral part of the social identity of a person and has a significant impact on the perception of the speaker by his surroundings. The present study aims to chart the effect of the temporal organization of utterances on the perception of a speaker’s competence. Recordings of four Spanish native speakers were manipulated in a way w hich destabilized the regular temporal structure of their utterances. A perception test was administered to forty Czech listeners differing in level of proficiency with the Spanish language. The aim of the test was to reveal the listeners’ positive or negative judgments of the original (regular) and manipulated (dysfluent) items. The basis for the perception test was the Big Five personality traits model, with the factor evaluated being the speakers’ competence that is the ability and readiness to effectively deal with tasks. The results confirmed our main hypothesis, which assumed that both groups of listeners will, in terms of competence, evaluate the manipulated items negatively. Students of Spanish studies were more perceptive of the temporal manipulations, most likely due to their familiarity with the prosodic structure of Spanish and their understanding of the meaning of the tested utterances.
2
Content available Španělská modální slovesa z perspektivy R. W. Langackera: otázka konceptualizátora
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Smažíková A.
Časopis pro moderní filologii (Journal for Modern Philology)
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2023
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tom 105
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nr 1
74-86
XX
This article presents the problem of modal verbs in Spanish from the perspective of Langacker’s cognitive grammar. Langacker defines modal verbs as grounding elements that can express implicit meanings and thus increase the degree of subjectivity of the utterance. Unlike English modal verbs, which are completely unanchored and fully grammaticalized, Spanish modal verbs exhibit verb inflection. The aim of this article is to compare the construals with and without a modal verb and to point out the differences between the positions of conceptualizers (speaker and addressee). For these purposes several graphical representations are proposed throughout the article. As the proposed schemes show, the position of conceptualizers plays a key role in the conception of any construal. It is concluded that a construal with a modal verb has a more subjectively anchored interaction between the two conceptualizers and that the speaker is always a completely implicit part of the utterance.
3
Content available K jazykové situaci ve Valencii
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Čermák P. , Koťátková A.
Časopis pro moderní filologii (Journal for Modern Philology)
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2017
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tom 99
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nr 2
263-278
EN
The article focuses on the language situation in Valencia, an important autonomous community of Spain. There are two official languages: Castilian as a language of the whole of Spain (i.e. Spanish) and Valencian as the Valencian people’s language proper. The paper describes the relations between Spanish and Valencian both from a linguistic and a socio-political point of view and offers a statistical summary of the use of both languages in the territory of the Valencian Community. Two tendencies important for the future of Valencia are discussed, a tendency to use “countrywide” Spanish and a tendency to preserve Valencian (the latter tendency is frequently based on respect for tradition as well as on personal decisions). In addition, the article considers relations between Valencian and Catalan.
4
Content available Jazykové zákony v Katalánsku a jejich vliv na zlepšení postavení katalánštiny ve společnosti
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Kadlec J.
Časopis pro moderní filologii (Journal for Modern Philology)
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2018
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tom 100
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nr 2
250-262
EN
This paper introduces Catalonia, an autonomous community of Spain, located on the north-eastern extremity of the Iberian Peninsula. The focus is partly on the demography and the linguistic situation of this territory, but primarily on its linguistic politics and language legislation. Catalonia has established a number of language policies, comprising a very complex and ambitious set of Catalan language legislation. As a result of these language policies, which provide support and subsidies, Catalan has become the language of the public administration of Catalonia.
5
Content available Diachronní korpusová lingvistika a španělština: současný stav a problémy
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Krinková Z.
Časopis pro moderní filologii (Journal for Modern Philology)
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2018
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tom 100
|
nr 1
60-79
EN
The first aim of the article is to address major problems of current historical corpus linguistics such as representativeness in genre, place and time, transcription of historical texts, etc. The second goal is to introduce the reader to traditional and innovative historical corpora of Spanish, focusing on their characteristics, advantages and limitations.
6
Content available Univerzální koncepce modality a její aplikace na španělský modální systém
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Kratochvílová D.
Časopis pro moderní filologii (Journal for Modern Philology)
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2014
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tom 96
|
nr 1
58-73
EN
This article analyses the concept of modality presented by Palmer (1986). Over the years since its publication it has become a universal instrument for describing modality across different languages. The basic contrast between epistemic and deontic modality is nowadays generally accepted. This article focuses primarily on modality in Spanish although it analyses this field in other languages as well (Italian, Romanian and English). By contrasting these four languages the article attempts to answer the question whether a universal terminology can be proved sufficient for the exhaustive description of the modal system of one particular language. The results of the analysis lead to the conclusion that a uniform approach to modality is not ideal because it does not take into consideration specific aspects of a concrete language and its particular way of expressing modality.
7
Content available Latinismy ve španělštině — nástin problematiky a stručná historie
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Krinková Z.
Časopis pro moderní filologii (Journal for Modern Philology)
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2015
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tom 97
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nr 2
203-209
EN
The paper provides basic information about the concept of Latinism (lexical elements derived from Latin) in Romance languages with the focus on Spanish. It deals especially with the history of penetration of Latinisms (and partly also Hellenisms) into Spanish between the 13th and 20th centuries. Each defined period of time is characterised by specific tendencies regarding the popularity of Latinisms, the way they were adopted into in Spanish and the semantic fields from which they come. The paper is based on secondary literature.
8
Content available remote Испаноязычная топонимия Филиппин : структура и прагматика
80%
Чеснокова О. , Мартыненко И.
Acta onomastica
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2019
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tom 60
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nr 2
171-185
EN
The article examines Spanish components in the toponymy of the Republic of the Philippines, regarded as a kind of “cartographic” form of the Spanish language present in this area. Through the language contacts prism between Spanish and Filipino and other languages, primarily English, the authors systematise the structure and pragmatics of the Spanish components in the toponymy of the Philippines, consider their current state by means of onomastic methods and linguocultural research. The article shows that the main thematic groups of motivating attributes in Philippine toponyms of Spanish origin are: 1) religious units with a widely ramified system of symbols and associations, including personalized, 2) motivating anthropotoponyms, i.e. protagonists known in the history of Spain and the Philippines, 3) migrant toponyms, 4) descriptive toponyms. The language status of Spanish lexemes in the Philippine toponymic framework reveals both their complete assimilation and likening to the norms of the receptor language. Spanish components in the toponymy of the Philippines are represented in macro- and microtoponyms, reflecting various aspects of interaction at the level of onomastic vocabulary of Spanish and Philippine ethnoses in the polyethnic Republic of the Philippines.
CS
Článek se zabývá španělskými komponenty v toponymii Filipínské republiky, které lze považovat za určitou „kartografickou“ podobu španělského jazyka v této oblasti. Z pohledu jazykových kontaktů mezi španělštinou, filipínštinou a dalšími jazyky, především angličtinou, podávají autoři systematický přehled struktury a pragmatiky španělských komponentů v toponymii Filipín a pomocí onomastických metod a lingvokulturního výzkumu se zabývají jejich moderním stavem. Příspěvek ukazuje, že hlavní tematické skupiny motivující atributy filipínských toponym španělského původu jsou: 1) náboženské jednotky s bohatě rozvětveným systémem symbolů a asociací, včetně personalizace, 2) antroponyma historických osobností známých z dějin Španělska a Filipín, 3) migrující toponyma, 4) popisná toponyma. Jazykový status španělských lexémů ve filipínském toponymickém systému poukazuje jednak na jejich kompletní asimilaci, jednak na připodobnění k normám cílového jazyka. Španělské komponenty se v toponymii Filipín vyskytují jak v makro-, tak v mikrotoponymech, což odráží různé aspekty interakce na úrovni onymické slovní zásoby španělského a filipínského etnika v multikulturní Filipínské republice.
9
Content available Volba determinantů v nominální anafoře — srovnání situace ve španělštině a češtině
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Erbenová A.
Časopis pro moderní filologii (Journal for Modern Philology)
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2016
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tom 98
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nr 2
181-198
EN
This study deals with issues of determiners in different types of nominal anaphora in Spanish and Czech. It analyzes the choice between demonstratives and the definite article in Spanish. As there is no definite article in Czech, speakers choose between demonstratives and the noun without any determiner. Our goal is to identify the factors that influence the choice of determiners in both languages and the similarities and differences between them. The results show that the situation in both languages is complex and that the definite article in Spanish sometimes corresponds to the null-determiner in Czech and sometimes to a demonstrative.
10
Content available Diskuse o normě katalánštiny v kontextu aktuální jazykové situace ve Španělsku
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Čermák P. , Koťátková A.
Časopis pro moderní filologii (Journal for Modern Philology)
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2020
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tom 102
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nr 2
249-265
EN
This article deals with the norm and the standard of the Catalan language in the context of the recent reform of its grammar. We formulate our linguistic analyses and interpretations in relation to historical and geographical backgrounds, paying particular attention to the main varieties of Catalan. In the successive development stages of the linguistic norm, we show how codifiers have faced the challenging task of taking sufficient account of specific dialectal peculiarities in a language that is not backed by a nation-state and is spoken in different countries and regions.
11
Content available K otázce vývoje demolingvistické situace v Baskicku
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Kadlec J.
Časopis pro moderní filologii (Journal for Modern Philology)
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2020
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tom 102
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nr 1
89-101
EN
The article describes, analyses and compares the evolution of the demolinguistic situation in the Basque Autonomous Community, in the Chartered Community of Navarre and in the Basque Municipal Autonomous Community in France. The position of Basque in Spain has improved significantly and the number of speakers of that language has also increased. In France, the revitalization of Basque began much later, but the first signs of increasing popularity of this language are beginning to emerge.
12
Content available Rysy cizineckého přízvuku ve španělštině českých mluvčích
80%
Černikovská Š. , Čermák P.
Časopis pro moderní filologii (Journal for Modern Philology)
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2016
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tom 98
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nr 1
77-91
EN
The paper focuses on some of the “foreign” phonetic features of L2 Spanish as spoken by Czechs. It presents a qualitative analysis of L2 Spanish production followed by a perception experiment, in which advanced Spanish-speaking Czech listeners reacted to specifically modified items in nonsuggestive contexts. The most salient phenomena in Spanish pronunciation that cause confusion in Czech speakers include r-sounds /ɾ/ and /r/, the position of word-stress and the realization of vowels between two subsequent lexical items. The study shows that these features, having no relevant equivalents in Czech, seem to be relatively problematic for Czech speakers of Spanish. The perception experiment, however, did not confirm that differences in these properties would be relevant for Czech speakers, either on the segmental, or the suprasegmental level (the word-stress). On the other hand, it did demonstrate a difference between the perception of Spanish native and non-native speech, significantly slower reaction times and more variability being associated with the L2 Spanish speakers.
13
Content available Paradigma budoucího času ve španělštině — tři různé pohledy na problematiku distribuce budoucího času jednoduchého a opisného ve španělštině
80%
Novotná I.
Časopis pro moderní filologii (Journal for Modern Philology)
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2016
|
tom 98
|
nr 1
104-109
EN
The article focuses on the synthetic future (FS: “hablaré”) and the analytic future (FA: “voy a hablar”). It presents three perspectives on the use and the distribution of these two forms based on existing studies. The first perspective is represented by studies which focus on linguistic factors and explain the rise in frequency of the analytic future as a result of the grammaticalization of ir a + infinitive. The second perspective assumes that the FS and the FA are used in different semantic-pragmatic contexts and the third perspective points to different situational meanings of the FA and the FS.
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