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EN
DFT calculations indicate that the transition states of [2+3] cycloaddition of trans-2- phenylnitroethene to Z-C,N-diphenylnitrone led to 3,4-cis and 3,4-trans 4-nitroisoxazolidines are almost perfectly symmetrical. Asymmetry of the transition states appears for the reaction with more -deficient trans-2-(trichloromethyl)-nitroethene. Nevertheless, in both cases the formation of azolidine rings occurs in one step. The calculational results correlate well with experimental data.
EN
SKIE analysis of [2+3] cycloaddition of (E)-2-phenylnitroethene to (Z)-C,N-diphenyl - nitrone suggests that for both stereoisomeric reaction paths (Scheme 1), the O1-C5 bond of the adduct forms faster than the corresponding C3-C4 bond. Never the less, both stereo isomers are formed by an one-step mechanism. According to Hammond's terminology, the transition states in volved in the reaction mechanism can be classified as asynchronous early states.
EN
Quantum-chemical simulations of [2+3] cycloaddition of trans-1-nitropropene with triphenylnitrone in nitromethane and formamide have been carried out using AM1/COSMO algorithm. The results suggest that the reaction leading to 2,3,3- tri - phenyl-4-methyl-5-nitroisoxazolidine occurs by a concerted mechanism, while the alternative reaction leading to regioisomeric 2,3,3-triphenyl-4-ni tro-5- methyl isoxazolidine occurs by anionic mechanism.
EN
Abstract Kinetic studies and B3LYP/6-31g(d) calculations indicate the polar nature of [2+3] cycloadditions between 1-chloro-1-nitroethene to (Z)-C-aryl-N-phenylnitrones. This is clearly confirmed by the activation parameters and the substituent and solvent effects. Graphical abstract [...]
EN
[2+3] Cycloaddition reactions of the highly reactive (Z)-C-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-N-methylnitrone with (E)-2-R-nitroethenes proceed under mild conditions and yield mixtures of stereoisomeric 2-methyl-3-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-4-nitro-5-R-isoxazolidines. The effect of regiospecificity of the cycloadditions may be accounted for by the theory of electrophilicity indexes. Stereoselectivity, however, is determined by a compilation of steric and secondary orbital effects.
EN
Abstract The analysis of reactivity indices suggests the polar nature of the [2+3] cycloaddition of a-phenylnitroethene to (Z)-C,N-diphenylnitrone. Similar conclusions can be drawn from the investigation of the reaction pathways using the B3LYP/6-31g(d) algorithm. This shows that the cycloaddition mechanism depends on the polarity of the reaction medium. A one-step mechanism is followed in the gas phase and toluene in all the theoretically possible pathways. In more polar media (nitromethane, water), a zwitterionic, two-step rather than a one-step mechanism occurs in the pathway leading to 3,4-trans-2,3,5-triphenyl-4-nitroisoxazolidine. Graphical abstract [...]
EN
The [2+3] cycloaddition reactions of diphenylnitrone with trans-1-nitropropene-1 and trans-3,3,3-trichloro-1-nitropropene-1 occur via a concerted mechanism despite high -deficient character of dipolarophiles. This mechanism is indicated by cis-stereospecificity of the cycloaddition, the obtained values of activation parameters and weak solvent effect on the reaction kinetics.
EN
The [2+3] cycloaddition of triphenylnitrone to trans-1-nitroprop-1-ene proceeds according to concerted mechanism, in spite of pi-deficient character of dipolarophile and strongly shielded one of the reaction centers in molecule of 1,3-dipole. This mechanism is indicated by the obtained values of activation parameters and weak kinetic solvent effect.
PL
Na podstawie danych obliczeń kwantowochemicznych przeprowadzono analizę pierwotnych efektów orbitalnych oraz coulombowskich w reakcjach [2+3] cykloaddycji diarylonitronów z nitroetenem. Ustalono, że efekty te generalnie sprzyjają powstawaniu odpowiednich 4-nitroizoksazolidyn.
EN
Using quantum-chemical calculations we have carried out an analysis of frontier molecular orbital interactions in the [2+3] cycloaddition reactions of nitroethene with diarylnitrones. In all cases the primary orbital effects and coulombic interactions favored the corresponding 4-nitroisoxazolidines.
PL
Zbadano termodynamikę [2+3] cykloaddycji C-m,m,p-trimetoksyfenylo-N-p-metylofenylonitronu z E-3,3,3-trichloro-1-nitropropenem-1. Ustalono, że czynniki termodynamiczne najsilniej sprzyjają powstawaniu 3,4-trans-2-p-metylofenylo-3-m,m,p-trimetoksyfenylo-4-trichlorometylo- 5-nitroizoksazolidyny.
EN
The thermodynamics of [2+3] cycloaddition reaction of C-m,m,p-trimethoxyphenyl-N-pmethylophenylnitrone with E-3,3,3-trichloro-1-nitropropene-1 were carried out. The thermodynamics effects indicate that 3,4-trans-2-p-methylophenyl-3-m,m,p-trimethoxyphenyl-4- -trichloromethylo-5-nitroisoxazolidines in this reaction are favored.
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