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POLES AND POLISH CITIZENS IN SOVIET CONTROL- FILTRATION CAMPS (1944-1946)

100%

Rogut D.

nr 4

85-109

NKVD repressions affected not only Home Army soldiers, but also the civilian population. Poles were arrested in the streets, taken away from their homes at night, and detained for the purposes of checking their documents. Numerous Home Army men were sentenced by Soviet military courts, and received verdicts of 10 -25 years of slave labour. Subsequently, they were deported to the region of Archangel, Magadan, Kotlas, Karaganda, Norylsk and Vorkuta. According to estimates, the deportation campaign conducted in the 'post-Yalta' Poland encompassed some 40-50 000 persons as well as 20-25 000 Poles and Polish citizens from Polish terrains incorporated into the Lithuanian Socialist Soviet Republic and the Belorussian Socialist Soviet Republic. The arrests, internments, and court trials (according to Soviet legislation) as well as mass-scale deportations of Poles and Polish citizens violated international law. Persons charged with participating in 'a counter-revolutionary organisation' (the Home Army), but whose hostile activity aimed against the Soviet Union was not proven, were sentenced to special control-filtration camps (provierochno-filtratsyonniye lagieriey - PFL). All told, the total of interned Poles and Polish citizens amounted to more than 16 000. The prime reason for detaining the Poles was to exploit them as a free-of-charge labour force used for reconstructing the Soviet economy. Inmates unused to heavy manual work were, as a rule, sent to coal mines situated, i. a. around Donbas, Stalinogorsk, Shatura and Kiziel. Hard labour, intolerable sanitary and living conditions, as well as starvation rates resulted in physical deterioration.