Many scientific studies on tennis stroke recognition are based on datasets created for the purpose of research using video or motion capture techniques. The importance of such datasets has been increasing due to the athlete performance evaluation needs. The primary aim of this paper is to present a state-of-the-art 3DTennisDS storing four tennis strokes: forehand, backhand, volley forehand and volley backhand. The moves were registered using the Vicon optical motion capture and contain a 39-marker player and a 7-marker tennis racket models. The potential and quality of this unique dataset has been verified using Spatial-Temporal Graph Neural Networks, because this type of network topology matches to the human body structure. The presented 3DTennisDS has been compared with two well-known datasets: the THETIS and the Tennis-Mocap. They contain tennis movements in a form of motion capture data, registered using markerless and marker-based systems. The classification of tennis strokes has been performed to verify how various types of data acquisition (marker-based and marker-less ones) as well as the structure of the data affect the accuracy of human action recognition. In this study ONI files from THETIS, bvh from Tennis-Mocap and c3d data from 3DTennisDS were considered. Moreover, the impact of input data fuzzification was examined. The obtained results showed that the classification using 3DTennisDS achieved the best results, both for fuzzy and non-fuzzy inputs. These outcomes indicate that the way of capturing data, its preparation and structure have great influence on classification accuracy. The developed 3DTennisDS has a great potential in further motion capture analysis.
Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) have achieved huge popularity in solving problems in image analysis and in text recognition. In this work, we assess the effectiveness of CNN-based architectures where a network is trained in recognizing handwritten characters based on Latin script. European languages such as Dutch, French, German, etc., use different variants of the Latin script, so in the conducted research, the Latin alphabet was extended by certain characters with diacritics used in Polish language. To evaluate the recognition results under the same conditions, a handwritten Latin dataset was also developed. The proposed CNN architecture produced an accuracy of 96% for the extended character set. This is comparable to state-of-the-art results found in the domain of identifying handwritten characters. The presented approach extends the usage of CNN-based recognition to different variants of the Latin characters and shows it can be successfully used for a set of languages based on that script. It seems to be an effective technique for a set of languages written using the Latin script.
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