Christian perception of personal God is to a large extent based on the embodiment of Christ. This is also the source of the physical image of God’s body. Present in the last supper, as well as the perception of Church as the mystical body of Christ. Both images are present — in various ways — in different forms of Hussite movement. The Eucharistic question became the principal axis dividing the movement into two groups: the Calixtines, who acknowledged the real presence of Jesus in the Sacrament (consubstantiation) and the Taborites, who interpreted His presence as symbolic. To discuss the relation between the Czechs and God’s body it is most important to focus on the question of ecclesiology. It is in this question that the teaching of Jan Hus is most clearly formulated — Church being the community of the chosen people. Hus stresses the importance of proper participation in Church life, e.g. listening to God’s word in the mother tounge. Jan Hus did not intend to limit the Church to its national dimension, but his teachings brought about this effect as well. The followers of Hus tended to identify the genuine Church of Christ with the Czech country and language because nowhere else the Word of God could be understood in Czech. The final aspect concerning the relation between body and God is the sinfulness of the human body. The Calixtine theologists draw conclusions similar to those drawn by the Catholic thinkers. They accept the existance of Purgatory as the place of the post-death torment on the body and soul. The Taborites firmly oppose such beliefs, teaching of the necessity of punishment for sin directly on Earth, because after death it will not be possible.
The death of Jan Hus and the beginning of cultural memory This contribution focuses on the death of Jan Hus and its role in the forming of the Hussite Movement. Paying tribute to Hus, by preaching and hymn-singing, was not only the beginning of the unofficial cult of “saint Jan Hus”, but also of Hussite cultural memory.
CS
Smrt Jana Husa a začátky kulturní paměti Tento příspěvek se zaměřuje na smrt Jana Husa a jeho roli při formování husitismu. Uctívání Mistra Jana kázáním a zpěvem bylo nejen počátkem neoficiálního kultu „svatého Jana Husa“, ale i husitské kulturní paměti.
The study is dedicated to Otokar Vavra’s cinematographic “Hussites Revolutionary Trilogy”. The films were shot in the 1950s as colour motion pictures. The main idea is based on Alois Jirasek’s trilogy and Frantisek Palacky’s philosophy of history combined with some ideological concepts revolving around the communist interpretation of Hussites. The three films: Jan Hus (1954), Jan Žižka (1955) and Proti všem (Against All Odds, 1957) pose some sort of a challenge by showing a religious movement from an atheist’s perspective. Vavra indeed created a work of propaganda, a heroic story of the Czech folk fighting against foreign powers (lords and nobles, crusaders) which had the potential of underpinning the communist ideology in Czechoslovakia. On the other hand, the trilogy took in a new symbolic meaning after the 1968 occupation by the Warsaw Pact.
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The main topic of the article is the relationship between the biography of Jaroslav Hašek, the writer, and Josef Švejk — the protagonist of his famous novel. It is, in fact, a peculiar kind of biography — the biography of the body. Firstly, the parallels between the experience of the writer’s (Hašek’s) body and the experience of the character’s (Švejk) body are drawn. Next, the films based on The Good Soldier Švejk are compared. The article attempts to present the treatment of the relationship in four aspects. The first one presents the body in an absurd situation, the second one — when confronting the reality of a hospital, the third — relates to the war and the army, and finally, the fourth one develops in the context of Hašek’s possible homosexuality.
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