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Kontrakt ośmiu wsi na oczyszczanie rzeki Mątawy z 1605 r. Przyczynek do badań nad wpływem osadnictwa olęderskiego na przemiany krajobrazu naturalnego w okolicach Grudziądza

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Targowski M.

Rocznik Grudziądzki

2020

tom 28

243-254

At the turn of the 16th and 17th centuries, migrants from the Netherlands and German countries began to settle in the Grudziądz Basin, which gave rise to the development of the so-called Olęder settlement. In 1605, representatives of eight villages inhabited by new settlers (Mątawy, Dragacz, Grupa, Wielki Lubień, Mały Lubień, Wielkie Zajączkowo, Małe Zajączkowo and Osiek) concluded a contract concerning the organization of joint works on cleaning the Mątawa riverbed – a left tributary of the Vistula, which caused frequent and prolonged floods. The contract of 1605 provided for the establishment of six „water administrators” or reeves, responsible for initiating and carrying out works consisting in removing the plants lying at the bottom of the river and regulating the width of the riverbed. Those officials were remunerated for their activities and at the same time they were subject to the supervision of a twelve-person college selected by the villages bound by a contract. In this way, a self-governing union of the above-mentioned Olęder settlements was established, which survived until the second half of the 18th century. The analysis of maps and written sources indicates that the result of this association may have been the disappearance of lakes existing in the course of the Mątawa as early as on brink of the 17th century. In the 17th–18th century, the Olęder settlers also carried out other activities related to drainage and flood protection of inhabited areas, such as the construction of a system of ditches and drainage canals, piling up embankments along the Mątawa and the construction of soil drying facilities. However, these projects were not carried out within the framework of the association set up in 1605. The list of persons who took part in the determination of the terms of the contract includes 21 names. Their analysis confirms that among the first Olęder settlers in the Grudziadz area there were migrants from the Netherlands and German countries, including, among others, Mennonites. An annex to the article publishes the full content of the contract from 1605 on the basis of a copy of its confirmation from 1638.

Wilkierz wsi Konarzyn z 1662 r. Zapomniane źródło do badań nad historią olędrów z Dolnej Grupy

100%

Targowski M.

Rocznik Grudziądzki

2021

tom 29

207-219

In 1662, Olęder settlers living in Connersihn village adopted a wilkur, i.e. a collection of rural regulations, the original version of which is kept in the collections of Danzig Library at the Polish Academy of Sciences (Polska Akademia Nauki) in Danzig. The article presents arguments which allow the name “Konarzyn” (Connersihn) to be accepted as the older term referring to Dolna Grupa, an important Olęder settlement from the area of Grudziądz. The content of the wilkur regarded the issues significant to the inhabitants of the village, among others, responsibilities connected with the maintanance of borders, the levee on the Mątawa river and the ditches forming the drainage system. It also included restrictions on the individual freedoms of the inhabitants for the benefit of the whole community and also the regulations concerning the functioning of the local authority and organizing mutual assistance in the event of fire and flooding. Most of the regulations concerned specific issues and disputes related to animal husbandry, which played an important role in the Olęder economy. The Wilkur was in force until 1690, when it was replaced by a new set of regulations. A part of the article is an edition of the source text of the wilkur from 1662.

Recenzje

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Supruniuk A. , Radzimiński A. , Targowski M. , Kopiński K. , Zimna-Kawecka K.

Rocznik Toruński

2015

nr 42

313-342