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Truszki-Zalesie, st. 3 (osada „Siedlisko”), woj. podlaskie. Badania w roku 2011

100%

Marczak E.

Światowit

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2012

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tom Tom IX (L), fasc. B

355-358

EN

Truszki-zalesie lies in the north-eastern part of Poland, in the Masovia region. In this small village a large settlement complex was discovered - four archaeological sites from the Early Medieval Period: a stronghold of “Okop” (‘Entrenchment’) (Site 1), a fortified settlement of “Góra Wieżowa” (‘Tower Mountain’ - Site 2) and two open settlements of “Siedlisko” (‘Abode’) and “Nikienki” (Sites 3 and 4). Site 3 was investigated in the years 2003-2005, 2007 and 2011 by the team directed by the author (in cooperation with Adam Łukaszewicz) from the Institute of Archaeology of the University of Warsaw. In one trench (No. IV) six stone features with very small burnt bones were discovered. Among the small finds there were various implements made of iron: 1 arrow-head, 6 knives, 2 nails and 2 pieces of copper finery, 2 spindle whorls, and 1 whetstone. The settlement dates from the 10th-11th c. AD. It was an industrial settlement, like Site 4.

2

TRUSZKI-ZALESIE, ST. 4 (OSADA „NlKIENKl”), WOJ. PODLASKIE. BADANIA W LATACH 2004-2005, 2007-2010

100%

Marczak E.

Światowit

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2009-2010

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tom Tom VIII (XLIX), fasc. B

273-275

EN

Truszki-Zalesie lies in the north-eastern part of Poland, in the Masovia region. In this small village a large settlement complex was discovered - four archaeological sites from the Early Medieval Period: a stronghold of “Okop” (‘Entrenchment’) (Site 1), a fortified settlement of “Góra Wieżowa” (‘Tower Mountain’) (Site 2) and two open settle- ments: “Siedlisko” (‘Abode’) and “Nikienki” (Sites 3 and 4). Site 4 was investigated in 2004, 2005 and 2007¬2010 by the team directed by Ewa Marczak (in cooperation with Adam Łukaszewicz) from the Institute of Archaeology of the University of Warsaw. In six trenches (225 m2) seven stone hearths, eight pits, one half-sunken floored hut, one sunken dwelling and numerous traces of small wooden structures were discover- ed. Among the small finds there were various implements made of iron: 9 knives, 2 hooks, 1 strike-a-light, 1 rhom- boidal arrow-head, a number of nails, and also a fragment of a copper bracelet, 9 clay spindle-whorls, 6 beads of blue glass paste, 2 tools made of animal bone and 1 miniature clay vessel. The settlement is dated to the 10th-11th c. AD. It was a village of blacksmiths and a settlement of iron-workers.

3

Studies of Structural Changes in PAN Fibers with Various Initial Structures under the Influence of Thermal Treatment in Media

51%

Marczak E. , Marczak P. , Sztajnowski S. , Lipp-Symonowicz B.

Autex Research Journal

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2019

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tom Vol. 19, no. 3

217--227

EN

The aim of the paper is to assess the range and the mechanisms of transformations of the molecular structure and the physical microstructure of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fibers produced by various manufacturers under the influence of thermal treatment in different conditions. The thermal treatments were carried out in different media (such as air, water, and steam), at various temperatures, and using different periods of treatment. Changes in the molecular structure were assessed using infrared (IR) absorption spectroscopy and evaluation of the differences in molecular cohesion energy of the fiber material during the dissolution processes. Changes in the fibers’ physical microstructure were investigated using densitometric, IR spectrophotometric, and X-ray diffraction methods; for assessment of both the reconstruction process of the paracrystalline matter of the fibers and the changes in the fibers’ total orientation, interferential polarization microscopy was used.

4

Evaluation of the Sorption Phenomena Mechanism of Polyacrylonitrile Fibres for Selected Dyes in the Aspect of Structural Changes Resulting from Thermal Stabilisation Processes

51%

Marczak E. , Marczak P. , Sztajnowski S. , Lipp-Symonowicz B.

Fibres & Textiles in Eastern Europe

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2020

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tom Vol. 28, no. 1 (139)

93--99

EN

The aim of the research was to analyse the influence of the initial heat treatment of polyacrylonitrile fibres on their sorption properties in relation to selected basic and disperse dyes, in order to select the dyeing variants most beneficial from the point of view of increasing the sorption capacity of commonly used dyes and improving the dyeing process. Research was carried out on a fibre produced on an industrial scale, using dyes of basic application importance, which differ in the diffusion properties of the molecules and the mechanism of binding with the fibre material. Thermal treatment of the fibre was carried out in various media (air, water, steam), with various variants of the temperature and its duration, i.e. under the conditions commonly used in fibre preprocessing processes and their "improvement". During the research, several different measurement methods were used to assess changes in the molecular and supramolecular structure of the fibre material: the infrared absorption spectroscopy method, the critical fibre dissolution measurement method, the densitometric method, and the interferential polarisation microscopy method. Fibre sorption changes resulting from the modification of the structure of the fibre under the influence of thermal treatment were analysed from the point of view of improving the efficiency of dye use and shortening the dyeing time based on commonly accepted values of the sorption index Cb and kinetic sorption index: t0.5 for basic dyes and t0.7 for disperse dyes.

PL

Celem badań było określenie wpływu wstępnej obróbki cieplnej badanych włókien poliakrylonitrylowych na ich właściwości sorpcyjne w stosunku do wybranych barwników zasadowych i zawiesinowych. Badania prowadzono na włóknach produkowanych w skali przemysłowej, używając barwników o dużym znaczeniu aplikacyjnych, różniących się właściwościami dyfuzyjnymi cząsteczek oraz mechanizmem wiązania z tworzywem włókna. Obróbkę termiczną prowadzono w różnych mediach (powietrze, woda, para wodna), w różnych wariantach temperatury i czasu jej trwania. W badaniach zastosowano metody pomiarowe, pozwalające oceniać zmiany parametrów budowy cząsteczkowej i nadcząsteczkowej tworzywa włókien: metodę spektroskopii absorpcyjnej w podczerwieni, metodę pomiaru krytycznego czasu rozpuszczania włókien, metodę densytometryczną oraz metodę mikroskopii interferencyjno-polaryzacyjnej. Zmiany zdolności sorpcyjnej włókien analizowano z punktu widzenia poprawy efektywności wykorzystania barwników i skrócenia czasu barwienia w oparciu o wartości wskaźnika sorpcji Cb oraz kinetycznych wskaźników sorpcji: t0,5 dla barwnika zasadowego i t0,7 dla barwników zawiesinowych.