Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Exploration of the burial apartments in tomb complex AS 68. Preliminary report of the 2013 fall season

100%

Vymazalová H.

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2015

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nr 15

43-58

EN

Exploration of the tomb complex of king’s daughter Sheretnebty, which was discovered in 2012, continued in the archaeological season of 2013. In October–November, the work concentrated on the underground parts of the tombs, including the burial shafts and burial chambers. In tomb AS 68c, two shafts were unusually deep; at a depth of 11.00 m under the ground the burial chambers of a man and a woman had been hewn. The man’s chamber contained a large sarcophagus of fine limestone and the remains of his burial and his tomb equipment, while the woman’s chamber remained largely unfinished and contained her rather simple burial placed on the floor. The so far discovered evidence indicates that this was the burial of Princess Sheretnebty. Another four shafts in the tomb contained four other burials of a female and three males, most probably the couple’s descendants. In addition, the shafts in the two western rock-cut tombs were explored. In the tomb of Shepespuptah (AS 68b), a single shaft was dug in the tomb’s chapel, while the tomb owner was buried in a burial chamber south of the chapel. The shaft in the chapel was large but reached only 1.40 m deep and was never finished and never used for burial. The two shafts in the tomb of Duaptah (AS 68a) revealed the burials of two men; the southern shaft belonged to Duaptah himself while the northern shaft to a certain Nefermin. The burials were mostly very simple, and all of them were disturbed by tomb robbers. The preserved bones might, however, still reveal important details about the individuals buried in the rock-cut tombs, and they will therefore be studied in order to trace the family relationships among the tomb owners.

2

Exploration of structures AS 66 and AS 69 in Abusir South: Preliminary report on the 2015 and 2016 seasons

100%

Vymazalová H.

Pražské egyptologické studie (Prague Egyptological Studies)

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2017

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nr 19

66-80

EN

The paper presents preliminary results of the exploration of another part of the Abusir South non-royal cemetery. Structures AS 66 and AS 69 were partly uncovered in the spring season of 2012 during the exploration of the tomb complex of Princess Sheretnebty, AS 68. During the fall season of 2015 and fall season of 2016, the structures were explored and documented, revealing a mastaba, AS 69, above the rock-cut tombs of Sheretnebty (AS 68c) and Nefer (AS 68d) and an enigmatic area, AS 66, above the rock-cut tombs of Duaptah (AS 68a) and Shepespuptah (AS 68b), which appears not to have been a tomb but perhaps an enclosed open area.

3

Abúsírská nařízení krále Džedkarea a písaři královské kanceláře

100%

Vymazalová H.

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nr 22

95-105

EN

The Abusir papyrus archives are among the most important discoveries achieved by the Czech Institute of Egyptology FA CU during its six decades of exploration of the necropolis. A small part of these archives is comprised of royal decrees, issued mostly by King Djedkare in the late Fifth Dynasty, which granted access to offerings to named individuals. It is not entirely clear whether these offerings were intended for the cults of deceased officials or for the attendants of the pyramid complex and the king’s funerary cult. The long rule of King Djedkare allows us, however, to discuss the royal scribes who may have been involved in writing these documents in the royal chancery. The titles of Djedkare’s high dignitaries indicate a close connection to the king’s documents and decrees, but the individual scribes who wrote down his decisions can hardly be identified today

CS

Abúsírské papyrové archivy patří k nejvýznamnějším objevům Českého egyptologického ústavu FF UK učiněným během jeho šedesátiletého výzkumu tohoto pohřebiště. Malou část těchto archivů tvoří královské dekrety, z nichž většinu vydal král Džedkare v závěru 5. dynastie a jež zajišťovaly jmenovaným jednotlivcům přístup k obětinám. Není zcela zřejmé, zda byly tyto obětiny určeny pro zádušní kulty zemřelých hodnostářů, anebo pro zaměstnance pyramidového komplexu pečující o králův zádušní kult. Dlouhá Džedkareova vláda nám dává možnost prozkoumat doklady o královských písařích, kteří mohli být přítomni sepsání takových dokumentů v královské kanceláři. Tituly některých Džedkareových vysoce postavených hodnostářů naznačují jejich úzké spojení s vydáváním královských dokumentů a dekretů, avšak zjistit, který jednotlivý písař tato rozhodnutí zapsal, dnes možné není.

4

Newly uncovered relief fragments of Queen Setibhor: A queenly decorative theme with unusual features

100%

Vymazalová H.

Pražské egyptologické studie (Prague Egyptological Studies)

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2021

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nr 26

107-125

EN

The work that has recently been carried out at Djedkare’s royal cemetery at South Saqqara has brought to light new evidence from the pyramid complex of Queen Setibhor, the wife of King Djedkare. Located to the north east of the king’s pyramid, this monument is of particular interest for its unusual architectural fea tures. The newly uncovered evidence makes it possible to bring the discussion on this extraordinary queen slightly further, focusing not only on the monument’s architecture but also on the remains of its decorative programme. This article presents some of the newly uncovered relief fragments from the queen’s pyramid complex. The reliefs, which very likely come from the portico, belonged to a decorative theme showing the queen, whose figure is not preserved, with her female attendants and female offering bearers. Other similar depictions are attested in smaller fragments from other parts of the queen’s monument. Parallels to this de piction can be found in other monuments of Old Kingdom queens, indicating that such a decorative theme was one of the usual queenly decorative programmes. The relief fragments also provide new evidence on the titles and epithets of Queen Setibhor, above which a winged solar disc with two uraei was carved. This evidence further underlines the exceptional role played by Queen Setibhor in the late Fifth Dynasty.

5

Skalní hrobky v hrobovém komplexu princezny Šeretnebtej (AS 68): výzkum pohřebních šachet

100%

Vymazalová H.

Pražské egyptologické studie (Prague Egyptological Studies)

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2014

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nr 12

10-19

EN

Exploration of the tomb complex of king's daughter Sheretnebty, which was discovered in 2012, continued in the archaeological season 2013. In October–November, the work concentrated on the underground parts of the tombs, including the burial shafts and burial chambers. In tomb AS 68c, two shafts reached unusually deep; at a depth of 11 m under the ground the burial chambers of a man and a woman were hewn. The man’s chamber contained a large sarcophagus of fine limestone and remains of his burial and his tomb equipment, while the woman’s chamber remained largely unfinished and contained her rather simple burial placed on the floor. The so far discovered evidence indicates that this was the burial of princess Sheretnebty. Another four shafts in the tomb contained four other burials of a female and three males, most probably the couple’s descendants. In addition, the shafts in the two western rock-cut tombs were explored. In the tomb of Shepespuptah (AS 68b), a single shaft was dug in the tomb’s chapel, while the tomb owner was buried in a burial chamber south of the chapel. The shaft in the chapel was large but reached only 1.4 m deep and was never finished and never used for burial. The two shafts in the tomb of Duaptah (AS 68a) revealed bu - rials of two men; the south shaft belonged to Duaptah himself while the north shaft to a certain Nefermin. The burials were mostly very simple, and all of them were disturbed by tomb robbers. The preserved bones might however still reveal important details about the individuals buried in the rock-cut tombs, and they will therefore be studied in order to trace family relationships among the tomb owners.

6

Vysoká přehrada: projekt a jeho důsledky

63%

Megahed M. , Vymazalová H.

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2015

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nr 14

10-16

EN

The project of the High Dam at Aswan is a continuation of an ancient tradition. The Egyptian pharaohs since the earliest periods of the Egyptian history made an effort to control the use of water of the Nile inundation for the benefit of the country’s agriculture. Careful records of the height of the Nile flood, building of barrages and dams, and digging of irrigation canals all belonged to the ancient Egyptians’means of helping prosperity and avoiding crop failure even during the years of too high or too low inundation. Similar to the ancient projects, the modern buildings, such as the Aswan dam, also provided only a partial solution to the problem. The High Dam at Aswan on the other hand brought a lasting possibility of collecting water in a large artificial lake, and of its use in agriculture regardless of the actual yearly volume of the river. In addition, the production of electricity enabled the necessary industrial development of Egypt. Despite the benefits of the project of the High Dam for Egypt, however, a number of problems arose, including the urgent need of saving the monuments of Lower Nubia. The Egyptian call to the UNESCO was answered in 1959, and the international salvage campaign started soon after, in which – besides many other countries – the Czechoslovak Institute of Egyptology participated.

7

The tomb of Khuwy at Djedkare’s royal cemetery at South Saqqara. Preliminary report on the 2019 spring season

63%

Megahed M. , Vymazalová H.

Pražské egyptologické studie (Prague Egyptological Studies)

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2019

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nr 23

37-48

EN

The royal necropolis surrounding the pyramid complex of Djedkare at South Saqqara is largely unexplored. In the 2019 spring season, the Egyptian mission uncovered a large mastaba in the north-east part of the necropolis. This tomb belonged to Khuwy, and it boasts some features with royal connotations, including an altar with two Sn-symbols, the plan of the substructure reflecting the royal pyramids, and mummification of the body of the owner. In addition, the tomb provides us with one of the earliest attested decorated burial chambers, specifically the antechamber in the substructure. The wall paintings, which are very well preserved, comprise many motifs related to the provisioning of the deceased, as attested in later Old Kingdom examples of decorated burial chambers. Besides this, however, these paintings include some themes uncommon in substructures at that time, namely the tomb owner sitting at an offering table and sailing boats. The uncovered evidence seems to point to a late Fifth Dynasty date of the tomb (perhaps Djedkare/Unas) and indicates a high social status of the tomb owner, Khuwy, who was highly likely very close to the royal family.

8

Selected secondary burials as evidence of later activities at the tomb of Khuwy at South Saqqara

51%

Vymazalová H. , Hashesh Z. , Gabr A. , Aba Yazeed N.

Pražské egyptologické studie (Prague Egyptological Studies)

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2021

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nr 27

EN

In 2019, during the excavations of the Egyptian mission at the funerary complex of the Fifth Dynasty King Djedkare (reign ca. 2381–2353 BC) at South Saqqara, Mohamed Megahed and his team revealed the painted tomb of the high ranking Old Kingdom dignitary Khuwy (Megahed – Vymazalová 2019). Besides the re mains of a mummified body that were found scattered inside the burial apartment in the substructure of the tomb, several secondary burials were documented in the layers of debris covering the superstructure of Khuwy’s tomb and its near vicinity. This article presents a selection of these secondary burials, includ ing the archaeological context, associated finds and preliminary osteological investigation of the skeletal remains. The simple burials, dating between the New Kingdom and the Late Period, contained individuals of both sexes and all ages.

9

Djedkare’s pyramid complex: Preliminary report of the 2016 season

51%

Megahed M. , Jánosi P. , Vymazalová H.

Pražské egyptologické studie (Prague Egyptological Studies)

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2017

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nr 19

37-52

EN

The article presents the results of the 2016 archaeological season of the Egyptian mission in the pyramid complex of King Djedkare in South Saqqara. The works focused on the western part of the causeway where remains of a drainage was documented, and on the storerooms situated to the south of the entrance passage. During this work, also the north side of the so-called southern massive was cleaned. Besides the funerary temple, also the private cemetery located to the south-east of it started to be documented in this season. A mud brick structure, MS 1, was cleaned; it consisted of six shafts with vaulted burial chambers. Only one of the chambers (in shaft 5) was cased with limestone slabs, which bear a well preserved painted decoration. This burial chamber belonged to Pepyankh Setju and can be dated to the late Sixth Dynasty. Another part of the work in 2016 concentrated inside the pyramid of the king. The consolidation and restoration works were carried out in the burial apartments, concentrating on the missing part of the eastern wall of the antechamber and the core behind it.

10

Exploration of the pyramid complex of King Djedkare: season 2018

51%

Megahed M. , Jánosi P. , Vymazalová H.

Pražské egyptologické studie (Prague Egyptological Studies)

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2019

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nr 23

12-36

EN

During the latest fieldwork in the pyramid complex of King Djedkare in the 2018 season, the Egyptian mission focused on cleaning and documentation of the central and northern parts of the king’s funerary temple, including the open courtyard (T.e), and the north court (T.o). In addition, archaeological exploration was pursued in the area between the king’s northern portico, the northern massif, and the south wall of the queen’s pyramid (T.g area), which had not been explored previously. Thus, this area constitutes a valuable source of evidence showing that this area was used as a dump during the late Old Kingdom and First Intermediate Period and as a burial ground from the late Second Intermediate Period probably until the Ptolemaic and Roman times. Besides the burials, remains of the architecture of the king’s and queen’s precincts were documented, which allowed us to distinguish precisely between the king’s and the queen’s funerary temples; also, many relief fragments were uncovered, revealing not only details of the queen’s decorative program but also her name and titles, which had been unknown to scholars until now. Finally, one of the main tasks included the consolidation work in the substructure of the king’s pyramid, focusing on the north walls of its antechamber and burial chamber.

11

The tombs of Kaisebi (AS 76) and Ptahwer (AS 76b) at Abusir South

45%

Dulíková V. , Jirásková L. , Vymazalová H. , Arias Kytnarová K. , Havelková P.

Pražské egyptologické studie (Prague Egyptological Studies)

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2017

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nr 19

3-26

EN

The excavations at Abusir South have already uncovered many tombs that have added valuable information to the general knowledge of the development of the Old Kingdom society, its burial and funeral habits, and last but not least social relations and their impact on the lives of ancient Egyptian officials. One of the latest discoveries is the tomb of “the elder of the judicial hall”, Kaisebi (AS 76), and the adjoining tomb of Ptahwer (AS 76b), which are located to the south of the anonymous mastaba (AS 54), lying on the most prominent spot of the whole Abusir South area. Kaisebi and Ptahwer built their tombs between this huge mastaba (AS 54) and a recently discovered 18.5 m long ship, both dated to the end of the Third Dynasty. Tomb AS 76 was constructed in two phases in the course of the late Fifth and Sixth Dynasties. The first one consisted of a rather small rectangular mastaba with a chapel, a northern niche, a serdab, and two shafts. The cruciform chapel of Kaisebi’s mastaba with colourful wall paintings contains a well-preserved false door in situ. Later on, the original structure was enlarged by an annexe (AS 76b) attached to the eastern wall of AS 76, which included another offering place and two burial shafts.