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EN
Translocation, leaching, uptake by plants and degradation of hydrophobic organic pollutants are largely determined by the properties of the soil/sediments. The above properties influence those processes which directly or indirectly influence the bioavailability of pollutants. The factor which plays a decisive role in determining bioavailability/bioaccumulation of pollutants is sorption. Where sorption is concerned, such matrix properties as the presence, composition, properties of organic matter, type of clay materials, type and amount of other pollutants, etc. play an important role. The second part of the study is a review of the literature on the influence of hydrophobic organic pollutants with geosorbents acting through sorption. Matrix properties that can significantly influence this process have been described in detail.
EN
Contaminants entering the soil environment as by-products of industrial or technological processes undergo various transformations. Some easily undergo degradation, volatilization or leaching, some are accumulated in the living organisms, while others get strongly bound to soil components through sorption, sequestration or bound-residue formation. In literature, it has been proved that the above mentioned processes considerably limit the bioavailability of contaminants and hence the effectiveness of biodegradation is lowered. The present study is a review of the literature on the issue of bioavailability of persistent organic pollutants for microorganisms and soil invertebrates. The first part presents some definitions of bioavailability and bioaccumulation proposed by various authors. Factors influencing the process of biodegradation have also been described with special attention drawn to their relation to the processes of bioavailability.
EN
Water is one of the most valuable substances in the world and its availability in the form of potable and drinking water is of great importance for any society. Conventional water treatment methods have been reported to be ineffective in removing some kinds of organic pollutants including endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), personal care products (PCP), pharmaceuticals, etc. Nanotechnology - especially application of the carbon based nanomaterials (CNMs) to water decontamination - is promising technology. The physico-chemical properties of CNMs (e.g. high surface area to volume ratio, high equilibrium rate) make them an excellent adsorbent which can be effectively used to remove pollutants from water. The present mini-review provides an overview of the research progress about organic chemical adsorption on CNMs in relation to water decontamination. The paper also discussed the possible risk related with desorption pharmaceuticals from CNMs.
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