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PL
Praca przedstawia najważniejsze wyniki badań multidyscyplinarnych realizowanych w zlewni Neru w regionie łódzkim w środkowej Polsce. Dla osadnictwa pradziejowego jako typowa przyjmowana jest jego lokalizacja w obrębie dolin rzecznych lub bardzo blisko ich krawędzi. Osady zakładane były przede wszystkim na słabo nachylonych stokach, przeważnie w bezpośrednim sąsiedztwie den dolin. Zdecydowana większość stanowisk posadowiona została na podłożu piaszczystym. Zaobserwowano zakładanie punktów osadniczych związanych z gospodarką uprawową na podłożu bardziej drobnoziarnistym, zwłaszcza mułkowo-piaszczystym i drobnopiaszczystym, a punktów produkcyjnych zwykle na podłożu gruboziarnistym. Badania dowodzą, że punkty osadnicze zakładane były na obszarach cechujących siędużą różnorodnością morfologiczną, a co za tym idzie – dużą georóżnorodnością. Było to niezwykle sprzyjające dla rozwoju wielokierunkowej gospodarki rolnej realizowanej przez społeczności pradziejowe.
EN
Paper presents the main results of multidisciplinary research undertaken in the Ner River catchment in the Łódź region in Central Poland. It is clear a location of prehistoric settlement within the river valleys or very close valley edge. Settlements were mainly established on gently inclined valley slopes in the close vicinity of valley floors. Almost all sites have been located on sandy ground. It seems to be interesting the fact of location of settlements connected with framing activity on the ground formed by fine-grained sediments - mainly by sands and silty sands. And settlements with productive activity remains have been established usually on the ground of coarser sediments. The research has shown that analysed points established in areas of different geomorphological zones, it means characterized by high geodiversity. It was a very suitable circumstance for development of multidirectional agricultural economy by prehistoric societies.
EN
Paper presents results of research on fillings of palaeochannels discovered in valley bottoms of Ner river near Lutomiersk and of Rawka river in Rawa Mazowiecka in central Poland (fig. 1). We have undertaken under study bedding and covering sediments of subfossil river channels as well. The analysis includes: lithology of series, geochemistry, archaeobotanic analysis. Some probes of organic sediments have been dated by radiocarbon method. Part of deposited layers have been dated by archaeological method. Both of registered subfossil channels have been discovered in the close vicinity of archaeological sites (fig. 2). In the case of Ner river, the settlement of Lusatian culture societies (Bechcice, site 1) was existing. It is dated on 4th and 5th Bronze Age Pariod and probably Halstat C Period. In Rawa Mazowiecka two prehistorie settlements (Rawa Mazowiecka sites 3 and 38) are known with main chronologic phase dated on Young Pre-Roman Period and on Old Roman Period. The beginning of filling of channel in Ner river we can correlate with the period about 1340-1150 BC and in the bottom of fillings deposits we have recognized fragments of pottery of Bronze Age Period and Hallstatt C Period (fig. 3). And the initiation of ox-bow accumulation in channel in Rawka river must be dated on before 530-380 BC (fig. 4, 5). In both of valleys are existing the thick cover of over bank deposits, represented by organic muddy and sands and accumulated in Medieval Period and Modern Period.
EN
Results of OSL dating and sedimentary studies from the profile of the low alluvial terrace of the middle Warta River are presented. The samples were dated using the single-aliquot regenera-tive method. Dating was used to establish a timing of the Weichselian Late Glacial events in the river valley environment. Stable conditions on the floodplain are expressed by the deposition of organic-rich series radiocarbon dated at 12 900-12 600 cal BP and 11 600-10 770 cal BP. Samples for OSL dating were collected from the mineral material deposited during the intensification of flood events during the Weichselian decline. The results obtained for the alluvia range from 12.78 ± 0.62 ka b2k to 14.33 ± 0.74 ka b2k. Sedimentological criteria allowed to distinguish between particular flood events. Overestimation of OSL ages is probably a result of rapidity of environmental changes in that time.
EN
At the Koźmin Las site, in Central Poland, in the middle section of the Warta River valley, a series of well-preserved tree trunks and in situ stumps, as well as organic deposits, have been found. The tree remains are dated back to the period between 13,000–12,600 cal BP, i.e. to the Alleröd/Younger Dryas transition. The forest consisted predominantly of pines (Pinus sylvestris L.) of a maximum age of approx. 140 years and an average age of 68 years, and the river valley floor was overgrown. The forest was destroyed ca. 12,600 cal BP by deteriorating hydrological conditions or a sudden catastrophic event. The aim of the study was to assess the degree of degradation in terms of selected macroscopic, physical and chemical properties of a subfossil pine log. On this basis, a conservation process was developed,using aqueous solutions of polyethylene glycols (PEG) with varying concentrations of low- and high-molecular polymers. Treated and dried samples were comparedin terms of their tangential and radial dimensional stability, as well as their hygroscopic properties.
EN
At the Koźmin Las site, in Central Poland, in the middle section of the Warta River valley, a series of well-preserved tree trunks and in situ stumps, as well as organic deposits, have been found. The tree remains are dated back to the period between 13,000–12,600 cal BP, i.e. to the Alleröd/Younger Dryas transition. The forest consisted predominantly of pines (Pinus sylvestris L.) of a maximum age of approx. 140 years and an average age of 68 years, and the river valley floor was overgrown. The forest was destroyed ca. 12,600 cal BP by deteriorating hydrological conditions or a sudden catastrophic event. The aim of the study was to assess the degree of degradation in terms of selected macroscopic, physical and chemical properties of a subfossil pine log. On this basis, a conservation process was developed, using aqueous solutions of polyethylene glycols (PEG) with varying concentrations of low- and high-molecular polymers. Treated and dried samples were compared in terms of their tangential and radial dimensional stability, as well as their hygroscopic properties.
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