This article is based on the results of a pilot study conducted on the subject of the graduates of doctors' degree courses in one university. In the first part of the article, the author examines the practical problems which should be considered when planning such a course of study. In the second part, the results are contrasted with the conclusions obtained from a nationwide survey into graduates of doctors' degree courses conducted in 2000. The article dwells on their professional work and the reasons why they chose their work, the progress achieved in their studies and the causes of any delay.
PL
Artykuł oparty jest na wynikach badania pilotażowego, przeprowadzonego wśród absolwentów studiów doktoranckich jednego z uniwersytetów. W pierwszej jego części autor omawia problemy warsztatowe, które należy rozważyć przygotowując badanie absolwentów studiów doktoranckich. W drugiej części zestawia uzyskane rezultaty badania z wnioskami wynikającymi z przeprowadzonego w roku 2000 ogólnopolskiego badania słuchaczy tych studiów. Koncentruje się na sprawach związanych z pracą zawodową i motywami wyboru pracy oraz zaawansowaniem pracy doktorskiej i ewentualnymi przyczynami opóźnień.
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When we send advance letters to the sampled persons in a survey, we expect that the recipients will read them and, based on the information provided, will decide on their participation in the survey. Therefore, the letter is expected to play an important role paving the way for the interaction with the interviewer. Findings from in-depth interviews with hard refusers from ESS 3 (2006) and ESS 4 (2008) presented in this paper indicate that such individuals are generally not interested in the mailing received and can hardly remember anything from it. The paper also shows how, following the findings of this research, the advance letters in subsequent ESS rounds in Poland were modified in order to generate recipients’ interest and drive participation.
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Research data shows that nonresponse in surveys is increasingly connected with respondents’ lack of time caused, among others, by respondents’ performance of paid work. Since paid work is one of the key sociological characteristics, the underrepresentation of working citizens creates a risk of nonresponse bias in surveys. This paper draws on data from the fifth round of the European Social Survey in Poland to demonstrate how realistic this risk is. Apart from paid work, the paper analyses three dimensions of workload: total work hours, regular/irregular nature of work and place of residence/place of work (the same or different location) and time spent commuting to/from work. The results of our analysis show that there is a risk of nonresponse bias associated with the performance of paid work and time spent commuting to/from work in another location. This risk may be reduced by increasing the number of contact attempts with hard-to-reach respondents.
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One method to increase the response rate in surveys is to use respondent incentives. The effectiveness of incentives depends on a number of factors which, however, may have a varied impact on respondents’ decisions about survey participation across countries. This paper shows how respondent incentives have worked in Poland, i.e. how monetary and material incentives are viewed, whether or not it is reasonable to send prepaid incentives by mail and how incentives affect the structure of the effective sample. Results of in depth interviews and comments on to incentives used in the European Social Survey have shown that the respondents who are willing to accept a small material incentive do not accept a modest monetary incentive. In the case of monetary incentives, expectations are very high and, in most surveys, unrealistic. Research results also suggest that some respondents are distrustful about prepaid incentives received by mail. They associate such incentives with direct marketing practices, attempted fraud or scams. From this perspective, it seems safer to opt for incentives being handed over personally by interviewers. However, the use of incentives does not significantly affect the structure of the effective sample.
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