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tom 03
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nr 3
33-36
2
Content available Boleslaw Gutowski 1888-1966
100%
EN
In 5 mares and 8 foals the diurnal motor activity was studied by the use of an electronic recorder. The records were made continuously up to 10 days. The counts of motor movements were read out by a special computer program. All studies lasted 192 days and nights. It was stated that the horses rest 18—24 times in a 24-hour period. The periods of rest are independent of breed, age and season of the year. The active periods reach 19—24 times per 24-hour cycle. The diurnal rest time amounts 5—8 hours per 24-hour period and active one 16—19 hours, but this time is significantly different between mares and foals in spring-summer time and between mares in spring-summer time and autumn. Young foals rest nearly 1/3 and older ones 1/4 of a 24-hour time.
EN
Abiotic factors such as sunspot activity, radiation, insolation, air temperature and rainfall in the Białowieża Primeval Forest were measured for 26 years and the number of mature cows and bulls, calves born each year, bull/cow and calPcow ratios were counted. Results showed that, in 26 years, 984 calves were born (482 males and 502 females). The sex ratio was 0.96. The number of calves depended mostly on the bull/cow relation which changed from 0,12 to 0.46. Calf/cow ratio changed from 0.32 to 0.92. The rainfall in September was the most important abiotic factor. Less rain was associated with more male calves and an alteration in the male/female ratio in next year. The same concerns the calf/cow ratio. Rainfall over 3 mm in September diminished this ratio to 0.6. The other abiotic factors did not influence the fertilisation in the bison cows in the 3 autumn months. However, they showed the range of environmental indices, to which all animals living in the Forest must adapt their metabolism.
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