W pracy przedstawiono metodę kontroli procesów dyfuzyjnego domieszkowania szkieł realizowaną w rzeczywistym czasie trwania procesu. Bazuje ona na rozwiązywaniu równania dyfuzji w kolejnych krokach czasowych z uwzględnianiem rzeczywistej temperatury procesu. Aktualna wartość temperatury pozwala na podstawie charakterystyk temperaturowych współczynników dyfuzji wyznaczać ich chwilowe wartości. Metoda ta znajduje zastosowania w procesach wytwarzania gradientowych światłowodów planarnych techniką wymiany jonów.
EN
The paper presents a method of controlling diffusion glass doping processes realized in the real time of the process. This method is based on solving of the diffusion equation in subsequent time steps, taking into account of the current process temperature. On the basis of the temperature characteristics of the diffusion coefficients, their instantaneous values can be determined. This method is used in the production of the gradient planar optical waveguides using the ion exchange technique.
Titania dioxide (TiO₂) layers were synthesized via the acid-catalysed sol-gel route using titania (IV) ethoxide, and then annealed at temperatures varying in the range of 150-700 °C. The research concerned the effect of annealing temperature on the structure of TiO₂ layers, their surface morphology, and their optical properties. Further, X-ray diffractometry, and Raman spectroscopy were used to determine the structure of TiO₂ layers. Scanning electron and atomic force microscopy were used to study the surface morphology of TiO₂ layers. Transmittance, reflectance, absorption edge, and optical homogeneity were investigated by UV-VIS spectrophotometry, while the refractive index and thicknesses of TiO₂ layers were measured using a monochromatic ellipsometer. Chromatic dispersion characteristics of the complex refractive index were determined using spectroscopic ellipsometry. Structural studies have shown that the TiO₂ layers annealed at temperatures up to 300 °C are amorphous, while those annealed at temperatures exceeding 300 °C are polycrystalline containing only anatase nanocrystals with sizes increasing from 6 to 20 nm with the increase of the annealing temperature. Investigations on the surface morphology of TiO₂ layers have shown that the surface roughness increases with the increase in annealing temperature. Spectrophotometric investigations have shown that TiO₂ layers are homogeneous and the width of the indirect optical band gap varies with annealing temperature from 3.53 eV to 3.73 eV.
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