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Historické okolnosti zániku archaických stavebních projevů pomoravsko-panonského typu lidového domu

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Válka M.

Národopisná revue (Journal of Ethnology)

2013

tom 23

nr 3

177 – 189

In the European space, unburnt clay used as a building material is connected also with traditional Pannonian house in the Central Danube region. With its north-western outskirts, this cultural area reached the territory of the historici Czech Lands - the region of Central and South-East Moravia - and gave rise to Pomoravsko-Panonský /the Morava River Basin and Pannonian Plain/ type of traditional houses). Unburnt clay represents here the basic building material probably as late as since the 18th century, especially thanks to the fire-fighting and civil legislation, inter alia, which restricted the use of timber. In the 20th century, clay was replaced by industrially produced building materials to which contributed both the technical development and the civil legislation which limited and, in the end, fully restricted (1914) the use of unburnt clay. The process of extinction was not proportioned and related to the social and economical situation of village inhabitants in individual regions of Moravia. In the second half of the 20th century, the houses made of clay became old not only physically - a house made of adobe bricks with soil floors in its residential rooms, in the entrance hall for the longest time, became a symbol of obsolete and outdated culture of living. Unburnt clay has experienced certain satisfaction in the Czech Republic since the late-20th century as an environment-friendly alternative that is in opposition to conventional building industry.

BIOGRAFICKÝ SLOVNÍK EVROPSKÉ ETNOLOGIE V KONTEXTU ČESKÉ A SLOVENSKÉ OBOROVÉ LEXIKOGRAFIE

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Válka M.

nr 1-2

98 – 107

Special lexicographical publications are created by different fields of science along with general dictionaries and encyclopaedias. This is the case of ethnology since the times of its beginnings, which go back to the end of 18th century in Central Europe. In the beginning encyclopaedias about life and culture from the point of view of the whole world were the most popular. However, later publications dealing with national culture and culture of different European nations emerged. Formation of national state after the Word War I led to production of encyclopaedias, which were supposed to encourage national sovereignty in a new political background. After 1989 the concept of ethnography and folkloristics was substituted by the project of European ethnology. An effort to define new concept of ethnology and to set boundaries in relationship with other fields of science led to production of lexicographic publications, which were supposed to explain mentioned phenomena. Professor Richard Jeřábek from Masaryk University in Brno has been working on biographical dictionary of European ethnology since 2003. It contains 267 entries of personalities, who contributed to forming of European ethnology since 19th century.