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EN
The subject of the analysis are terms recorded in the 17th–19th-century grammar nomenclatures. The most numerously represented ones were terms from the field of inflection (naming parts of speech and grammatical categories), there were few terms from the field of phonetics and word-formation, and terms from the field of sentence syntax had not appeared in glossaries until the 19th century. This share of terms from various branches was determined by the utilitarian nature of grammatical works: they were intended for learning Polish or foreign languages. It was assumed a priori, so to speak, that the learner already had the knowledge of the rules of Latin grammar, and the point of reference for Polish terms (or German ones, as in Dobracki’s grammar book) was the Latin terminology. The outcome of the development of grammtical knowledge is the redefinition of grammar itself and its branches, the independence of the grammatical description of modern languages from Latin grammar, as well as the codification and standardisation of grammatical terminology.
PL
Przedmiotem analizy są terminy zanotowane w nomenklatorach gramatycznych od XVII do XIX w. Najliczniejszą reprezentację mają w nich terminy z zakresu fleksji (nazywające części mowy i kategorie gramatyczne), niewiele było w nich terminów z zakresu fonetyki i słowotwórstwa, dopiero w XIX-wiecznych słowniczkach pojawiają się terminy z zakresu składni zdania. O takim, a nie innym udziale terminów z różnych działów decydował charakter użytkowy dzieł gramatycznych, były one przeznaczone do nauki języka polskiego lub języków obcych. Zakładano niejako a priori, że uczący się posiada już znajomość zasad gramatyki łacińskiej, punkt odniesienia dla terminów polskich (czy niemieckich jak w gramatyce Dobrackiego) stanowiła terminologia łacińska. Wynikiem rozwoju wiedzy gramatycznej jest redefinicja samej gramatyki i jej działów, uniezależnienie opisu gramatycznego języków nowożytnych od gramatyki łacińskiej, a także kodyfikacja i normalizacja terminologii gramatycznej.
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Dialectology was a secondary area of K. Długosz-Kurczabowa’s scientific interests and yet it was an extremely important field to her for personal reasons. She began her academic adventure with her Master’s thesis titled Porównanie dwóch wsi małopolskich w zakresie morfologii i słownictwa (A comparison of two Lesser Polish villages in terms of morphology and lexis) [1962]. One of them was her home village – Zagnańsk (Kielce Powiat), while the other – Książnice Wielkie (Kazimierza Wielka Powiat). She had not returned to the long abandoned dialectological research until the beginning of the 21st century. Its aim was to demonstrate the changes which had occurred in the Zagnańsk dialect over the past half century. The trend for integrating the dialect with the colloquial variant of standard Polish was found the most fundamental one by her. This is the subject matter to which she dedicated three papers (Językowe procesy integracyjne (na materiale małopolskiej gwary wsi Chrusty) (Linguistic integration processes (on the material of the Lesser Polish dialect of the village of Chrusty)) [2005], O przemijaniu pewnych słów (na materiale gwary Zagnańska w województwie świętokrzyskim) (On disappearance of certain words (on the material of the dialect of Zagańsk in Świętokrzyskie Voivodship)) [2015], Gwara Zagnańska pół wieku później (The Zagańsk dialect half century later) [2006]. She also prepared Słownik gwary zagnańskiej (The dictionary of the Zagańsk dialect). Its innovation in comparison to the existing dialect dictionaries consists in containing etymological explanations.
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EN
The first Polish grammatical terms came into existence as early as in the Middle Ages. Due to the role played by Latin in the Polish culture and science, the relations between the Polish terminology under forma tion and the already formed Latin terminology are signifi cant. This is noticeable not only in bilingual (Latin–Polish) grammar book by E. Donat but also in the first Polish-language grammar books by W. Szylarski and O. Kopczyński. The latter rendered considerable services to the codifi cation of grammatical terminology. In the 19th century, it was impossible to popularise J. Przybylski’s and A. Morzycki’s innovative terminological propositions. The development of the Polish scientific linguistics gives rise to a revision of the earlier grammatical systematics, which results also in a change in the nomenclature. The distinctness of grammatical lexis is evidenced by the glossaries attached to the grammar books. Some of the terms have entered the vocabulary common to various varieties of Polish over time.
EN
The aim of this paper is to present Zbiór rzeczy… (A collection…) by Michał Dudziński as a reliable source of knowledge of the north borderland Polish language. The author, guided by his own sense of language standard and Thesaurus by G. Knapius, considered all that deviated from the standard incorrect. And since his language experience resulted from contacts with the north borderland Polish language, he recorded words characteristic of this regional variant of Polish as incorrect ones in his work. The north borderland regionalisms recorded by the author include: I) the borderland words of the a) Belarusian, b) Ukrainian-Belarusian (with a broader range, recorded also in sources from the south borderland) origin, II) archaisms, and III) vocabulary common to the north borderland and Polish dialects, IV) a) phonetic, b) morphological, and c) lexical innovations resulting from language interference.
EN
A study titled Rys grammatyki języka polskiego (Outline of the Polish grammar) was published in 1857. Antoni Morzycki, the author of the grammar book, was not a philologist by education, he wrote his study out of a sense of civic duty. He founded his concept on the dogma of the speech originating from the Word, as John the Evangelist wrote: “In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God.” The man received the Word as a gi from God. The author divides grammar into three sections: phonetics and phonology, the science of the word and clause, and spelling. He adopted parallelism of parts of speech and clause as one of the rules organising the grammatical description. The book evoked an intense reaction of his contemporaries.
EN
The knowledge of the development of the Polish grammatical terminology in the 16th c. was founded on the published descriptions of the 1583 edition of Aelii Donati Vetustissimi grammatici elementa una cum traductione Polonica and the 1542 edition of Regulae grammaticales… by Andrzej Glaber. The copy of the bilingual Latin–Polish edition of Donat’s grammar book of 1595 owned by Erfurt Library, recorded in WorldCat, not only changes the historical view of the history of the Polish grammatical terminology (the publication is 54 years older than the already known edition of 1649) but also contributes a new quality to the knowledge of the reception of Donat’s grammar book in Poland.
PL
Podstawę wiedzy o kształtowaniu polskiej terminologii gramatycznej w XVI w.  stanowiły  opublikowane opisy wydania Aelii Donati Vetustissimi grammatici elementa una cum traductione Polonica z 1583 r. i Regulae grammaticales…. Andrzeja Glabera z 1542 r. Odnotowany w WorldCat egzemplarz dwujęzycznego łacińsko-polskiego wydania gramatyki Donata z roku 1595, będący własnością Biblioteki Erfurckiej, zmienia zarówno perspektywę historyczną dziejów polskiej terminologii gramatycznej, publikacja jest starsza o 54 lata od znanego wydania z 1649 r., ale też wnosi nową jakość do wiedzy o recepcji gramatyki Donata w Polsce.
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Content available Poradnik językowy Michała Dudzińskiego
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Content available Docent Roxana Teresa Sinielnikoff (1927–2024)
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EN
The object of the analysis is forms considered incorrect, non-standard, yet included and discussed in Enlightenment grammar books of Polish by: Walenty Szylarski (1770), Michał Dudziński (1776), and Onufry Kopczyński (1778–1781, 1817), and in a book on the Polish language by Stanisław Kleczewski (1767). The issues of proper language use touched upon by the authors in the abovementioned works refer to various problems: spelling, pronunciation, inflection, word structures and appropriateness, syntactic connectivity, and utterance/statement clarity. The object of the evaluation is (general Polish and regional – borderland) forms which, in the authors’ opinion, violated the norms of general familiarity, semantic expressiveness, and stylistic dignity. The grammarians approve of the borrowings which entered the Polish language long ago. Each of the discussed works is another link in the debate on the Polish language, linguistic habit, and norms of language use.
EN
This article is focused on the first online Historical Dictionary of Grammatical Terms, which is being created by the Department of the History of Polish Language and Dialectology at the University of Warsaw and the Laboratory of the History of Language at the University of Warsaw, and is funded by the NPRH project. The authors of the dictionary aim at collecting terms from as many sources as possible and to create a database that would enable researchers to rewrite the history of Polish grammatical terminology but also to show its formation contextualised across different time periods. Additionally, we hope that the material will allow us to estimate the contribution of individual grammarians to codifying Polish grammatical terminology. The article presents the general idea of the lexicon, its design, and the structure of the dictionary, which allows multifaceted queries of the database.
PL
Artykuł poświęcono pierwszemu internetowemu Słownikowi historycznemu terminów gramatycznych online, który powstaje w Zakładzie Historii Języka Polskiego i Dialektologii UW i Pracowni Historii Języka UW, a jest finansowany z projektu NPRH. Dążeniem autorów słownika było zebranie terminów z jak największej liczby źródeł i stworzenie bazy danych, która nie tylko pozwoliłaby na napisanie od nowa historii polskiej terminologii gramatycznej, lecz także pokazała konteksty jej kształtowania w różnych okresach czy dała podstawy do ocenienia wkładu poszczególnych gramatykarzy w dzieło kodyfikacji polskiej terminologii gramatycznej. W artykule przedstawiono ogólną koncepcję leksykonu, zasady opracowania i samą strukturę słownika, która umożliwia przeszukiwanie bazy materiałowej na wielu poziomach.
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