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EN
Borreliosis is a tick-borne, multiorgan disease, transmitted to humans and animals and caused by spiral bacteria belonging to the species Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato. In Europe Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricte, Borrelia afzelii and Borrelia garinii are isolated in most cases. The clinical course of the disease depends to a considerable degree on the category of the spiral bacteria in question. Borreliosis seems to be a mostly human problem. In cases of a number of animals, despite the presence of antibodies to Borrelia burgdorferi, there is no clinical evidence of the disease or its symptoms are less specific and quickly disappear. In animal cases of borreliosis the most common symptoms are found in dogs and may, as in humans, have clinical forms. There are three stages of borreliosis in humans: stage I - early infection most frequently takes the form of limited skin lesions related to Erythema chronicum migrans (ECM); stage II (generalization of the infection) - an acute inflammation of such organs as joints, the heart and the central nervous system occurs; stage III (chronic infection) - characteristic symptoms are a chronic fading inflammation of the skin, usually of limbs - acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans (ACA) - and a destructive inflammation of joints, as well as meningoencephalomyelitis. The diagnosis of borreliosis, both in humans and animals, is difficult and often problematic due to a large number of non-specific symptoms. Especially early symptoms of borreliosis may cause diagnostic difficulties. The sensitivity of serological diagnosis within the first weeks of infection may be insufficient due to false negative results. Nowadays the most critical element for the final diagnosis in humans is two-stage serological diagnostics. The first stage involves immunoenzyme tests, and in the case of a positive or doubtful result combined with non-specific clinical symptoms, it is advised to confirm the diagnosis with the Western-blot test. In the treatment of borreliosis, both in humans and animals, the main role is played by antibiotics, mainly penicillines and cephalosporins, and at the early (skin) stage, doxycykline or erythromycin as well. The length of treatment depends on the manifestations and duration of the infection and may even last up to 8 weeks.
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Content available Monocytic Ehrlichiosis in dogs
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EN
Ehrlichiosis is the multiorgan infectious disease caused by small, intracellular rickettsias from the genus Ehrlichia. These microorganisms are known as an etiologic factor of infections world wide in humans and in different species of animals. Dog ehrlichiosis can be caused by several species of Ehrlichia attacking different groups of blood cells, but most often an infection by Ehrlichia canis is diagnosed with special relation to monocytes. A vector for E. canis are Rhipicephalus sanguineus and Ixodes ricinus, commonly occurring in Poland. Disease caused by E. canis is known as Canine Monocytic Ehrlichiosis (CME). The disease most often has an asymptomatic course which can, in favourable circumstances, run into acute or chronic forms. The acute form of CME proceeds usually with fever, apathy, weakness and accompanying respiratory symptoms, lameness and disturbances in blood coagulation. In laboratory examinations thrombocytopenia, anemia and leucopenia are ascertained. The chronic form of CME proceeds among gentle, unspecific symptoms which may last even 5 years. The CME diagnosis is difficult and often demands parallel different diagnostic methods. A medicines of choice in the ehrlichiosis treatment are antibiotics from the group of tetracyclines, given at least for 28 days. They are largely efficient during treatment of the acute CME, causing the quick improvement. Instead, in the case of chronic form, answer for treatment can be weak, and cases of resistance to antibiotics ave known.
EN
The study was aimed on determining the clinical protective value of Lydium-KLP and Methisoprinol in the prevention of respiratory system diseases, as well as their effect on the health status of pigs in large-scale commercial breeding and on the improvement of in the effectiveness of specific immunoprophylaxis of mycoplasmal pneumonia of in swine (MPS). Piglets at the age of 7 d were divided into eight groups of 25-30 piglets each. On days 7 and 21 of life they were immunised with Respisure vaccine (group I) or administrated Lydium-KLP or Methisoprinol (groups IV and VII). In other groups, Lydium-KLP or Methisoprinol were given simultaneously (groups II and V) or 48 h before immunisation with Respisure (groups III and VI). Control piglets were administrated PBS (group C). Clinical observations as well as post-slaughter and animal husbandry analyses indicated that the simultaneous administration of Lydium-KLP or Methisoprinol with Respisure gives better results in comparison to immunisation- only with Respisure. The statistically-significant differences were found in the mean percentage of meatiness between groups receiving Methisoprinol with or 48 h before Respisure and control group, as well as in the point evaluation of lesions in the lungs between groups receiving Lydium-KLP with Respisure and Methisoprinol 48 h before Respisure and control group. The study demonstrated the beneficial effect of coupled administration of Lydium-KLP or Methisoprinol and Respisure on the improvement of health status and the productive performance of pigs, as well as on the effectiveness of specific immunoprophylaxis of MPS in large- scale commercial breeding. The most beneficial variants of coupled administration were the simultaneous application of Lydium- KLP and Respisure, and Methisoprinol application 48 h before immunisation with Respisure.
EN
This article describes a procedure for a one-step root canal treatment and the subsequent restoration of fractured canine teeth in cats. Standard glass fibre posts were used in the reconstruction of the teeth which were then divided into two groups and restored anatomically using two different composite materials. The procedures were successfully performed on six cats. The subject teeth were four upper and two lower canines.
EN
The purpose of the studies was to determine the proliferation activity of T and B lymphocytes as well as the metabolic and potential killing activity of blood phagocytes in pigs after the immunomodulation with the Bioimmuno preparation and/or immunisation with the 'Respisure One' vaccine against mycoplasmal pneumonia of swine. The studies were performed on piglets at the age of 4 weeks, divided into four groups of seven animals each. The biopreparations were administered according to the following pattern: Bioimmuno (1 kg/50 kg of feedstuff) for 48 h before vaccination with Respisure One (2 ml/animal i.m.) on the 28th d of life (group I), Bioimmuno (1 kg/50 kg of feedstuff) on days 26 and 27 of life (48 h before vaccination with Respisure One of groups I and III) (group II), Respisure One on the 28th d of life (group III) and PBS (2 ml/animal i.m.) simultaneously with vaccination of groups I and III (group C - control). The proliferation activity of T and B lymphocytes (MTT test) and the metabolic and potential killing activity of blood phagocytes (RBA and PKA tests) were determined in whole blood. Statistically significantly higher (P<0.05) proliferation activity of Con A-stimulated T lymphocytes as well as LPS-stimulated B lymphocytes were found in the stimulated and immunised group I and the immunised group III in comparison with the stimulated group II and group C. Higher metabolic and potential killing activities of the phagocytes were also detected in all experimental groups compared with the control one. The studies have demonstrated that the Bioimmuno immunomodulator and/or the Respisure One vaccine stimulate the proliferative response of T and B lymphocytes, as well as they increase the metabolic and potential killing activity of blood phagocytes, contributing to the improvement in the immune system functioning and to the protection of the swine organism against the infections of the respiratory system.
EN
The purpose of the study was to determine the influence of the Bioimmuno administration in feed and/or immunisation with the 'Respisure' One vaccine against mycoplasmal pneumonia of swine on the development of non-specific immune response expressed by the level of acute phase proteins (APP). The study was performed on 28 piglets at the age of 4 weeks, divided into four equal groups. The biopreparations were administered according to the following pattern: group I - Bioimmuno (1 kg/50 kg of feedstuff) for 48 h and then vaccination with Respisure One (2 ml/animal i.m.), group II - Bioimmuno ( 1 kg/50 kg of feedstuff) for 48 h, group III - Respisure One (2 ml/animal i.m.), and group C (control) - PBS (2 ml/animal i.m.). Serum concentration of APP: C- reactive protein, haptoglobin, and ceruloplasmin were determined on days 0, 3, 7, 14, and 21 after immunomodulation and/or immunisation. The statistically significantly lower (P<0.05) levels of all determined APP in the experimental groups in comparison with the control group were demonstrated. This proves the protective value of the biopreparations applied in specific patterns, through their beneficial influence on the decrease in consequences of the respiratory system infections in pigs.
EN
An 8-year-old crossbred dog died suddenly with signs of shock. Necropsy revealed a cardiac tamponade caused by a perforating tumor in the right atrium. A similar tumor was found in the abdominal cavity. The histopathological and immunohistochemical examination showed that both tumors were composed of welldifferentiated pseudo-vascular structures, with endothelial cells that were positive for vimentin and von Willebrand factor, pericytes that were positive for vimentin and smooth muscle actin, and various amounts of collagen and reticulin fibers. The mitotic activity of tumor cells was low to moderate. Both tumors were consistent with Kaposi’s sarcoma that occurs in humans. On the basis of the histological features and immunohistochemical examination findings, both tumors were classified as Kaposi-like vascular tumors. This is the first report of a Kaposi-like vascular tumor with a unique, multicentric location and a fatal outcome in a dog.
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