Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

The role of emergent macrophytes in nutrient cycling in Lake Niepruszewskie (western Poland)

100%

Ławniczak A. E.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

|

2010

|

tom Vol. 39, No.2

75-83

EN

The role of emergent macrophytes in nutrient cycling was investigated in the littoral zone of Lake Niepruszewskie, which is dominated by this type of vegetation. The lake is characterized by an advanced stage of eutrophication as is evident in the frequent blooms that cause low transparency and high concentrations of chlorophyll a and seston. The shoot biomass of Phragmites australis and Typha angustifolia is the major component of the plant cover with respect to nutrient accumulation. Other plants play a marginal role in the nutrient turnover of the studied lake.

2

Long-term changes in water quality and ecological status of lakes in the Wielkopolska National Park and its buffer zone with special reference to effectiveness of the lakes’ protection

100%

Ławniczak A. E.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

|

2016

|

tom Vol. 45, No. 4

524--538

EN

This paper evaluates water quality and ecological status of lakes located in the Wielkopolska National Park and its buffer zone. Changes in water quality were analyzed from 1974 to 2012 in order to assess the effectiveness of the protection strategies implemented on the studied lakes since 1957, i.e. the date when the park was established. The ecological status of the lakes was assessed with the use of macrophytes as well as hydromorphological and physicochemical analyses performed in 2012. Changes in water quality of the studied lakes within the last 40 years were analyzed based on available published and unpublished data, as well as field studies. All water bodies are characterized by advanced eutrophication. However, evaluation of the ecological status showed good status of the charophyte-dominated lakes, i.e. Lake Wielkowiejskie and Lake Budzyńskie. Lack of significant differences in physicochemical water qualities between the park and its buffer zone indicated that measures implemented to protect the water, particularly in the park, are ineffective. This study shows that more radical conservation measures are necessary to protect and improve the water quality, not only in WPN and its buffer zone but also in the whole catchment area.

3

Usuwanie biomasy z oczek wodnych i małych zbiorników naturalnych przy użyciu filtrów włókninowych

51%

Nieć J. , Spychała A. , Ławniczak A. E. , Walczak N.

Inżynieria Ekologiczna

|

2015

|

tom Nr 44

196--203

PL

Małe zbiorniki, np. oczka wodne, pełnią w środowisku wiele funkcji, między innymi biocenotycznych, hydrologicznych, klimatycznych, sozologicznych, krajobrazowych oraz estetycznych. Ze względu na małe rozmiary, zbiorniki te charakteryzują się dużą wrażliwością na czynniki zewnętrzne i wewnętrzne, stanowią też często naturalny odbiornik zanieczyszczeń. Filtry włókninowe są od kilkunastu lat badane pod kątem oczyszczania ścieków bytowych podczyszczonych w osadniku gnilnym. Celem badań było zweryfikowanie możliwości zasto-sowania tego typu filtrów do oczyszczania wody w naturalnych, małych zbiornikach. Skuteczność działania filtrów testowano na wodzie pochodzącej z oczka wodnego, charakteryzującej się wysokim stężeniem biogenów i intensywnym zakwitem fitoplanktonu. Badania prowadzono na trzech filtrach (cztery warstwy geowłókniny TS 20). Mierzono podstawowe wskaźniki jakości wody: zawiesinę ogólną, mętność, ChZT i BZT5, temperaturę, pH i tlen rozpuszczony. Uzyskane wyniki badań można uznać za satysfakcjonujące w zakresie oczyszczania mechanicznego (usuwanie mętności i zawiesiny ogólnej). Ważnym pozytywnym efektem działania filtrów jest natlenianie oczyszczanej wody, co ma szczególne znaczenie dla ryb.

EN

Small water bodies, for example garden ponds, play many functions in the environment, including biocenotic, hydrological, climatic, sozological, landfill-creative, and aesthetic. Due to their small size, these reservoirs are sensitive to external and internal factors, they are also a common natural contaminants receivers. Nonwoven filters have been investigated for several years as a useful device for treatment of domestic wastewater pre-treated in a septic tank. The aim of this study was to verify the possibility of using this type of filters for water originating from small water body purification. The effectiveness of filters were tested on the water originating from the garden pond, contained high levels of nutrients and intensive algal bloom. Research was carried out on three filters (each filter consisted of four geotextile TS 20 layers). Basic water quality indicators: total suspended solids, turbidity, COD and BOD5, temperature, pH and dissolved oxygen were measured. The research results can be considered as satisfactory in terms of mechanical treatment (removal of turbidity and total suspended solids). An important positive effect of the filters was the oxygenation of the treated water, which is especially important for fish.

4

Changes in the Trophic Status of Lake Niepruszewskie (Poland)

51%

Zbierska J. , Ławniczak A. E. , Zbierska A.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2015

|

tom Vol. 16, nr 4

65--73

EN

The paper presents the evaluation of trophic status of Lake Niepruszewskie in the years 1994–2013. This is the first lake in the Samica Stęszewska river, flowing dis-tally through the lakes of the Wielkopolski National Park. Source part of the Samica Stęszewska river basin was, in the years 2004–2012, included to the nitrate vulnerable zone (NVZ), and Niepruszewskie Lake was considered to be threatened by eutrophication. The evaluation of trophic status of the lake was made based on the concentration of nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus) and indicators of eutrophication (chlorophyll a, water transparency Secchi disk marked) by referring them to the limit values for the eutrophication of surface waters as defined in the Regulation of the Minister of Environment of 23 December 2002 and other criteria used for the classification of the eutrophication of surface waters. Detailed and synthetic indexes of the trophic status (TSI) using the formula Carlson and the ratio of N:P were also made. Concentrations of the nutrients in Lake Niepruszewskie and eutrophication indexes reached high values, indicating a eutrophic or hypertrophic state of the lake. Detailed values of the trophic status index (TSI), on average over the period, corresponded to eutrophic, while in subsequent years they were varied – from mesotrophic to hypertrophic. The worst trophic status was recorded in 2003–2006, after the lowering of the lake dam-ming. The high value of N: P ratio indicates that the lake has huge surplus of nitrogen, and phosphorus is a productivity limiting factor.

5

Bilans biogenów Jeziora Tomickiego

51%

Ławniczak A. E. , Zbierska J. , Andrzejewska B.

Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska

|

2010

|

tom Tom 12

861-878

PL

Badaniami objęto Jezioro Tomickie, charakteryzujące się wysokim stopniem zeutrofizowania wód [12, 19]. Akwen ten jest szczególnie narażonym na oddziaływanie zanieczyszczeń ze źródeł rolniczych, ze względu na rolniczy charakter zlewni oraz wysoki stopień zeutrofizowania wód rzeki Samicy Stęszewskiej, zasilającej jezioro [10, 13, 20]. Jezioro położone jest w otulinie Wielkopolskiego Parku Narodowego, a na południowym jego obrzeżu znajduje obszar chroniony "Rezerwat Trzcielińskie Bagno", obejmujący swym zasięgiem lasy i bagna o łącznej powierzchni 38,14 ha. Jest to rezerwat ornitologiczny, w którym ochronie podlegają miejsca lęgowe ptactwa wodnego i błotnego. Jezioro charakteryzuje się wysokim stopniem zaniku [3], dlatego niezwykle istotne jest rozpoznanie obciążenia jeziora składnikami biogennymi w celu podjęcia najbardziej efektywnych działań ograniczających dalsze zanieczyszczenie wód. Celem pracy jest rozpoznanie wielkości ładunków biogennych wprowadzanych do Jeziora Tomickiego oraz wyprowadzanych z akwenu w ciągu roku, ze wskazaniem głównych źródeł zanieczyszczenia wód zbiornika.

EN

Lakes are most sensitive to environmental changes and play an important role in nutrientcycle in their catchment. Due to their natural features such as reduction of the land fill, they may cumulate organic matter from the catchment. Excess supply of nutrients to water bodies contributes to gradual water eutrophication. This process can occur rapidly, particularly in shallow lakes, which are more susceptible to degradation. This also results in deterioration of habitat conditions for many organisms and limits the economic use of water. Eutrophication may lead to gradual shallowing and shrinkage of water bodies, and, consequently, to disappearance of lakes. Thus, proper diagnosis and reduction in the amount of pollutants flowing into lakes are key factors to improve water quality and prevent their further degradation. The aim of the study was to estimate the load of nitrogen and phosphorus to Lake Tomickie. In order to determine the rate of nutrient loading to the lake, nutrient retention and to recognise major sources of nutrients, modified method of Bajkiewicz-Grabowska was used. Nutrient balance was calculated based on data obtained in 2007. Water quality in the river was measured monthly. Results showed a significant contribution of the Samica Steszewska River to nutrient supply to the lake. Approximately 79% load of nitrate and 59% load of phosphate was delivered with river water, mostly during spring time. This was probably the consequence of agricultural land use of the catchment, asindicated by high nitrate concentrations in the water in March and April. It was very difficult to estimate pollution loads from non-point sources, particularly from farms specialised in pig production and household sewage treatment. Discharge of sewage to fish ponds located close to the lake was observed. Non-point sources provided about 11% of nitrate and 32% of phosphorus loads to the lake. The nutrient balance in Lake Tomickie was unfavourable. The obtained results indicate significant amounts of nutrients accumulated in the lake; it was estimated at the level of 3.7 tons nitrate and 0.12 tons of phosphate per year. Reduction of pollution sources is necessary to prevent further degradation of the lake.

6

Zróżnicowanie makrofitów w różnych typach nizinnych rzek referencyjnych w Polsce

45%

Szoszkiewicz K. , Jusik S. , Ławniczak A. E. , Zgoła T. , Szwabińska M.

Woda-Środowisko-Obszary Wiejskie

|

2010

|

tom T. 10, z. 3

297-308

PL

Badania przeprowadzono na terenie Polski niżowej, z uwzględnieniem odcinków referencyjnych wszystkich typów rzek nizinnych, które zostały wydzielone w naszym kraju na potrzeby Ramowej Dyrektywy Wodnej. Badania terenowe zostały wykonane w okresie od czerwca do września w latach 2003–2007. Badania wykonywano wg makrofitowej metody oceny rzek, na podstawie których obliczono makrofitowy indeks rzeczny MIR, całkowite pokrywanie przez rośliny, udział różnych grup ekologicznych oraz podstawowe wskaźniki różnorodności [liczba gatunków, wskaźnik Shannona-Wienera, równomierności, Simpsona i dominacji]. Oprócz badań biologicznych, na każdym stanowisku przeprowadzono ocenę hydromorfologiczną rzek metodą River Habitat Survey [RHS]. Na wszystkich badanych stanowiskach wykonano także analizy fizykochemicznych cech wody z wykorzystaniem standardowych metod. Analizy te umożliwiły wyodrębnienie czterech makrofitowych typów rzek. Są to: rzeki organiczne, małe rzeki krzemianowe z piaszczystym materiałem dna, małe rzeki krzemianowe z podłożem kamienistym oraz duże rzeki krzemianowe. Porównując obliczone wskaźniki makrofitowe, wykazano, że wskaźniki stanu ekologicznego MIR oraz wskaźniki dominacji miały podobne wartości w różnych typach rzek, natomiast indeksy różnorodności biologicznej oraz całkowite pokrywanie przez makrofity różniły się istotnie między typami. Największą różnorodność gatunkową zaobserwowano w rzekach organicznych, natomiast najmniejszą - w małych rzekach krzemianowych o piaszczystym materiale dna.

EN

Presented analyses were aimed to describe macrophyte development in pristine lowland rivers and to show their variation among various stream types. The study was based on a country-wide survey of Poland with a dataset of 642 sites situated on 367 water courses. Surveyed rivers covered the whole lowland area of Poland and every potential reference site has been checked. During the survey all existing lowland river types were investigated in accordance to WFD requirements. The reference sites were selected from the whole database. Reference conditions were defined using four criteria: catchment land use, hydromorphological features, water quality and biological assessment. Based on chosen criteria, the database of reference lowland rivers included 40 sites. To classify plant data, twoway indicator species analysis Twinspan was used, which resulted in distinguishing 4 evident endclusters which differed in plant composition. These were: organic rivers and 3 types of siliceous rivers (small with sandy substrate, small with stony substrate and large rivers). For each of the revealed river types several macrophyte metrics were calculated. The numerical index MIR [Macrophyte Index for Rivers] did not significantly differ between river types while four diversity metrics: species richness, Shannon index, evenness and Simpson index differed significantly between river types. Moreover, the share of different structural forms of macrophytes was also diversified between river types.