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EN
In summer the most abundant species were: the Great Cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo, European Herring Hull Larus argentatus sensu lato and Black-headed Gull Chroicocephalus ridibundus. Numbers of Black-headed Gulls were gradually growing in the following months, which was associated with desertion of breeding colonies and the beginning of migration. In September many Eurasian Wigeons Mareca penelope arrived to the bay, and they concentrated mainly in the Reda mouth, where a total of 4369 individuals were counted. A very mild winter resulted in relatively high numbers of Gadwalls M. strepera and Common Teals Anas crecca, that rarely winter at the Bay of Gdańsk. In January the bay hosted many Coots Fulica atra. Their numbers in January 1985–2000 were positively correlated with the mean ambient temperatures of the month. The species is sensitive to low temperatures, but its numbers in the western part of the Bay of Gdańsk increased 2–3 years after a cold winter (not the following winter). The number of gulls at the communal garbage dumps was very low compared to the data from the beginning of 21th century, which may result from the shrinkage of the dump areas and mild winters. The key factor is probably chasing away gulls by falconers, which started in 2004.
EN
Body mass and body composition of 27 adult Velvet Scoters (Melanitta fusca) were studied. These birds were collected from January to March in the Gulf of Gdańsk, Poland. Body mass, fat, and protein contents of both males and females decreased significantly between mid and late winter, possibly because of a physiological process or a result of worsening environmental conditions. In mid-winter, the mean body mass of males and females did not differ significantly, whereas in late winter the difference in body mass between sexes became prominent. There was no difference in fat mass between the sexes, but females had higher lipid indexes despite their smaller size. The lack of expected fat mass increase in late winter may be due to the spring migration strategy of Velvet Scoters, which apparently opt to fly short distances rather than make long non-stop flights after departure from the Gulf of Gdańsk. Body mass was the best predictor of fat mass accumulated by Velvet Scoters wintering in the Gulf of Gdańsk.
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