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PL
Normalizacja cech diagnostycznych jest istotnym etapem każdej analizy porównawczej obiektów wielocechowych. W literaturze prezentowanych jest wiele procedur transformacji normalizacyjnej i w związku z tym badacz często stoi przed koniecznością wyboru jednej z nich. W artykule dokonano zestawienia metod normalizacji zmiennych oraz dokonano ich selekcji. W procesie wielowymiarowej oceny porównawczej autorka zaleca stosowanie formuły unitaryzacji zerowej. Ponadto, w pracy podjęto próbę analizy wpływu zmiany procedury transformacji normalizacyjnej na wynik porządkowania liniowego. W wyniku przeprowadzonego eksperymentu badawczego okazało się, że zmiana formuły normowania charakterystyk porównywanych obiektów może powodować modyfikację rezultatów badań, która nie wynika ze zmiany struktury danych.
EN
The data normalization is one of the stages of the comparative analysis of multivariate objects. In the literature, there are many procedures of the normalization of the variables. Therefore the researchers have to choose one of them. The article presents the list of the most popular methods of the data normalization. According to the author, In the process of multidimensional comparative analysis the formula of the unitization with zero minimum should be used. Moreover, the article presents the analysis the impact of changes of the formula of the data normalization on the result of the linear ordering. By the realization of a research experiment it was noted that the choice of normalization formula influences the result of linear ordering.
EN
In the article the cost analysis of transport in the company production is presented. It also introduced costs involved in provision of transport services in their propriety involvement. At the end comparison in analysis of two transport strategies and their elaboration on the recommendations are showed.
EN
The article presents the possibility of using selected methods of multivariate analysis in the design of comparative ranking of universities. The set of potential diagnostic variables created by the Chapter of ranking of universities in Poland – ranking of “Perspektywy” and “Rzeczpospolita” by their informative value was verified. The classical and median coefficient of variation to analyze discriminative ability the variables were used, and the parametric method proposed by Z. Hellwig to investigate the degree of correlation of the variables was used. For the construction of university ranking one of the methods of multidimensional comparative analysis – miara Hellwiga was used.
EN
An ageing population is a natural and inevitable phenomenon that constitutes an opportunity for the development of the logistics services industry. This is related to the fact that a new demographic profile of the world is determined by a growing number of customers — seniors – with special needs that generate the demand for services such as carriage and home delivery of food and medicines. Therefore, considering the growing demand for logistics services intended for older adults, there is a justified need to develop theoretical knowledge in this area. The paper aims to define a logistics service dedicated to an elderly person as the ultimate recipient as well as to identify the classification criteria of such services. The first part of the article is based on a literature review and presents definitions of a service and a logistics service according to various researchers. It also identifies different classifications of logistics services. These theoretical aspects provided a basis for authors to propose the notion of a logistics service and a catalogue of criteria for systemising logistics services dedicated to older adults. Logistics services for the elderly may be grouped according to classification criteria applicable to what is widely understood as logistics services in source literature. The classification criteria are the type of service, the immateriality of service, the frequency of contacting the customer, the type of purchaser market, the degree of service customisation, the type of a relationship between the service enterprise and the customer, and the place of service provision. Nonetheless, due to the customer-oriented approach in logistics, the authors proposed the classification criteria of these services with regard to age, financial situation, needs, health, expectations, hobby, skills and problems of older adults. Such an approach to classification is determined by considerable inherent diversification of the discussed group of customers as well as a specialised catalogue of logistics services. The classification of logistics services may contribute to the improved design of such services.
EN
The formation of the road-building program with the use of traffic flows logistics can achieve rational use of the limited financial resources and to provide current and long-term interests of the road users. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of conducting the road repair and reconstruction, the factors reflecting their importance for the national economy are used: road organizations, which are the main subjects of the implementation of the formed program; enterprises of motor transport complex, which are the main consumers of the road facilities and the state, who is the main investor in the road branch. The integral criterion characterizing the efficiency of using the logistical approach to the formation of the optimal scheme of repairing and reconstructing the road network, both for the users and for the contractors, is calculated. Its size makes it possible to assess the effectiveness of fulfilling the overhaul and reconstruction on a definite site and at the formed optimal scheme of distributing the overhaul and reconstruction of the road network. The article presents the methodological fundamentals of the economic evaluation logistical systems of roads facilities.
PL
Powstawanie programu budowy dróg z wykorzystaniem informacji na temat natężenia ruchu drogowego może przyczynić się do racjonalnego wykorzystania ograniczonych często zasobów finansowych. Do oceny skutecznośi przebudowy i remontu dróg angażuje się organizacje zajmujące się implementacją programu budowy dróg, przedsiębiorstwa transportu drogowego, będące głównym konsumentem infrastruktury drogowej, jak również państwo, które jest głównym inwestorem takiego przedsięwzięcia. Zaleca się wykorzystanie wskaźnika, określającego skuteczność wykorzystania logistycznego podejścia w procesie tworzenia programu naprawy i odbudowy sieci drogowej, zarówno dla jej użytkowników, jak i wykonawców.
EN
Purpose: The purpose of the current study was to assess the effectiveness of rehabilitation in patients after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) using a wavelet analysis of the torque-time curve patterns of the extensors of the affected knee. The analysis aimed at the quantitative evaluation of irregularities in these torque-time patterns. Methods: The study involved a group of 22 men who had had ACL reconstruction. The torque-time characteristics were recorded 3, 6 and 12 months after the surgery by an isokinetic dynamometer. They were then examined using the orthogonal Daubechies 4 (Db 4) and biorthogonal Bior 3.1 wavelets. Results: A statistical analysis of the results revealed significant differences in values of the high-frequency energy stored in the details of the signal from the dynamometer between the first and last measurements, both for the Db 4 ( p ≤ 0.023) and Bior 3.1 ( p ≤ 0.01) wavelets. These differences were found in 73% of patients whose curve patterns were analysed using the Db 4 wavelet and in 82% of patients in the case of the Bior 3.1 wavelet. Conclusions: The wavelet transform proved to be an effective research tool in the qualitative evaluation of irregularities occurring in the curve patterns of the torque generated by the extensors of the ACL reconstructed knee. The findings of the study suggest that time-frequency analyses of these characteristics can be of practical importance, as they help assess the state of the patient’s knee joint and his progress in rehabilitation after ACLR.
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