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nr 04
EN
The level of seroneutralizing antibodies in piglets vac­cinated twice with attenuated vaccine (Suivac A) or in­activated vaccine (Geskyvac) was assayed in 3 types of piggeries. Group I consisted of large piggeries free from DA in which the presence of sero-reagents was found, group II — piggeries free from AD and no sero-reagents present, group III — big piggeries in which systematic vaccination of the basic herd was being done. The studies have shown that the epizootic situation in piggeries has an influence on the dynamics and the level of specific SN antibodies in pigs vaccinated against Aujeszky’s disease.
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tom 67
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nr 12
EN
Anaplasmosis is an infectious but non-contagious disease of cattle, sheep, goats and wild ruminants caused by Anaplasma sp. (Rickettsiales - Anaplasmataceae). In cattle Anaplasma marginale is the main etiological agent, transmitted by ticks. A worldwide disease, anaplasmosis is characterized by fever, anemia, icterus and body weight loss. It has great economic importance in cattle husbandry, especially in tropical and subtropical regions. In 2001 the taxonomy of the order Rickettsiales comprising Anaplasma sp. and other genera in the families Rickettsiaceae and Anaplasmataceae were significantly reorganized. Disease prevalence, etiology, epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical signs, anatomopathological lesions, diagnosis, treatment, control methods and prophylaxis, especially specific immunoprophylaxis, are discussed in the paper.
EN
The aim of the study was to present the history of ichtyopathology in Poland and the main achievements of researchers who developed this discipline. The pioneer of ichtyopathological research in Poland was the ichtyologist prof. Teodor Spiczakov, founder of the first Fish Diseases Laboratory at the Jagiellonian University (JU) and initiator of fishery veterinary service. After the Second World War, dr Stanisław F. Śnieszko, a researcher from JU, established a laboratory in the United States, renamed the National Fisheries Center in 1977. In writing about the beginnings of ichthyopathology in Poland, one must also mention prof. Bronisław Kocyłowski, founder and head of the Department of Fish Diseases at PIW in Puławy and lecturer at the Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS) and Maria Curie Skłodowska University in Lublin. Prof. Eugeniusz Grabda also contributed to the development of ichtyopathology. He headed the Inland Fisheries Institute (IFI), Fish Disease Laboratory and the Department of Ichthyology with the Department of Fish Diseases at the Fishery Department of the Academy of Agriculture and Technology (AAT) in Olsztyn and co-founded the Department of Marine Fisheries at the Agricultural Academy and the Department of Fish Diseases in Szczecin. In Żabieniec near Warsaw, IFI established a new Ichtiohygiene Division, renamed the Division of Pathology and Fish Immunology, formerly headed by prof. Maria Studnicka and now by prof. Andrzej K. Siwicki. Veterinary inspection in Poland is conducted by the Fish Diseases Laboratory at ZHW under the substantive supervision of the National Veterinary Research Institute & National Reference Laboratories at Fish Diseases Unit in Puławy, headed by prof. Jerzy Antychowicz. Currently the Unit is the National Reference Laboratory for the diagnostics of diseases of aquaculture animals, run by prof. Michal Reichert. Prof. J. Antychowicz and dr. Jan Żelazny taught for many years at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine at the WULS in Warsaw and at AAT in Olsztyn. The Polish Academy of Sciences has a Department of Ichtiopatology and Fishery Management in Gołysz, headed by prof. Andrzej Pilarczyk, who studies the biological basis of fish farming. “Fish diseases” is a mandatory subject at faculties of veterinary medicine in Poland, and every graduate of veterinary medicine possesses a basic knowledge in this field. The Division of Fish Diseases and Biology in Lublin has been operating since 1963 and for many years was headed by prof. Maria Prost, an authority on the parasitology of fish. The current head of the Division is prof. Antonina Sopińska. The Division of Hygiene Veterinary Laboratory and Fish Diseases Laboratory (later Division of Ichtyopathology) at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wrocław University af Environmental and Life Sciences were previously headed by prof. Zbigniew Jara, and now by dr Wiktor Niemczuk. At the University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, prof. Andrzej K. Siwicki and dr Elżbieta Terech-Majewska run the Fish Disease Laboratory and Veterinary Laboratory for Diagnostics of Fish, Amphibians and Reptiles, carry out scientific research, teach and cooperate with fish farmers.
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nr 06
700-702
EN
The paper describes the epizootic situation of rabies in the Warmińsko-Mazurskie voivodeship between 2001-2005. The vaccination of wild animals has been conducted in the voivodeship since May 2001. In the year 2001, 387 cases of rabies, including 93 (20%) in domestic animals and 294 (80%) in wild animals, were recorded respectively. Among domestic animals the highest incidence of the disease was found in cattle - 53 cases (14%), in cats - 24 cases (6%) and in dogs - 16 cases (4%). Among wild animals, rabies was found in 184 foxes (47%), 85 racoon dogs (22%), 8 martens (2%), 7 badgers (2%), and 6 polecats (2%). In the year 2005, 78 cases of rabies, including 29 (37%) in domestic animals and 49 (63%) in wild animals, were recorded respectively. Regarding domestic animals, the incidence of the disease was found in cattle - 23 cases (29%), cats - 3 cases (4%) and dogs - 2 cases (3%). Among wild animals, rabies was found in 39 foxes (50%), 8 raccoon dogs (10%) and 2 bats (3%). This suggests that after 5 years of oral vaccination the main reservoir of the rabies virus in the Warmińsko-Mazurskie voivodeship is still in wild animals, primarily foxes. Observations to date indicate that there remains a necessity to continue the wild animal immunization campaign.
EN
The aim of the studies was to evaluate the carrier state of Yersinia enterocolitica and its effect on the immune response in experimentally infected pigs. The experiment was performed on 15 piglets aged eight weeks divided into three groups: I - piglets infected intravenously, II-animals infected intragastrically, III - a control group (non-infec- ted). In experimentally infected piglets the bacterial colonization caused by Y. enterocolitica was found in the intestines and tonsils and the carrier state lasted for 8 to 12 weeks. The infection brought about an increase in the level of specific antibodies (0:3). There was no correlation between the concentration of specific antibodies and the detectability of Y. enterocolitica in faeces of the piglets.
EN
The aim of the study was to identify the bovine papillomavirus (BPV) types associated with equine sarcoids observed in Polish horses, during 2001-2004. The samples of skin tumours were formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded. Out of 14 tumours obtained from 10 horses, 11 were diagnosed as fibroblastic sarcoid, two as verrucose sarcoid, and one as epidermal cystoid. Using PCR, the presence of E5 open reading frames (ORFs) fragment BPV-1/BPV-2 were shown in all specimens obtained from archival tissues. Sequence variants of E5 ORFs confirm that European variants of BPV-1 occur in fibroblastic and verrucose equine sarcoids in Poland.
EN
The objective of the study was to evaluate the presence of Yersinia in pigs, calves, minks, cats, wild boars and fish (carp, trout, whitefish) by means of two isolation techniques. The application of the fluid medium selectively multiplying ITC according to Wauters shortened the time of isolating Yersinia enterocolitica О : 3 and increased the frequency of its isolating in comparison with the cold culture. The samples from 465 animals were examined. 70 strains were isolated including Y. enterocolitica O : 3 — 22, Y. enterocolitica O : 9 — 1, Y. enterocolitica 1A biotype — 39, Y. frederiksenii — 5 and Y. intermedia — 5. Pigs and wild boars serve as a reservoir of Y. enterocolitica strains potentially pathogenic for humans.
EN
The first Aujeszky's disease (AD) vaccination - eradication programme in Poland was introduced in two different in size farrow-to-finish farms with a high percentage of latently infected pigs. All the pigs were vaccinated with gE- and TK-negative vaccine Nobi-Porvac Aujeszky Live Begonia (Intervet, Holland) according to the following schedule: breeding stock twice with a 4-week interval and then 3 times yearly, replacement gilts at 10-12 weeks of age, 4 weeks later and then together with sows and boars, fattening pigs twice at 10-12 weeks of age and 4 weeks later. In both herds clinical signs, postvaccinal humoral immune response as well as gE-seroprevalence were examined. After introduction of the vaccination programme no clinical signs of AD and neither local nor general adverse effects in pigs were observed. In the sows tested the vaccination schedule enabled high levels of neutralizing antibodies to be maintained. In the fattening pigs born to the vaccinated sows low antibody levels after the first and regular booster effect two weeks after the second vaccination were observed. An intensive vaccination programme is a good tool to minimize AD virus infections in pigs and, in conjunction with normal breeding stock turnover, strongly reduces the prevalence of gE-seropositive breeding and fattening pigs.
PL
Celem badań była ocena wrażliwości szczepów Pseudomonas aeruginosa na wiele antybio­tyków i chemioterapeutyków. Zbadano 70 szczepów wyizolowanych z: przewodu pokarmowego chorych ludzi (23), zwierząt domowych (18) i futerkowych (13) oraz narządów wewnętrznych ryb (16). Badania wrażliwości przeprowadzono metodą krążkowo-bibułową na podłożu Mullera-Hintona. Badania wykazały szczególną wrażliwość Pseudomonas aeruginosa na azlocylinę (100% szczepów wrażliwych), ciprofloksacynę, gentamycynę, netilmycynę i tobramycynę (1-4% szczepów opornych). Antybiotykami najmniej aktywnymi były: ampicylina, kloksacylina, cefradyna, cefalotyna, cefamandol, cefuroxim, linkomycyna, klindamycyna, erytromycyna i chloram­fenikol. Badane szczepy wykazywały szczególnie wysoką oporność na nitrofurantoinę i sulfona­midy.
EN
The aim of the study was to evaluate the susceptibility of Pseudomonas aeruginosastrains to several antibiotics and chemoterapeutics. Seventy strains isolated from alimentary tract of ill human beings (23), domestic animals (18), fur animals (13) and fish (16) were investigated. The study of susceptibility was carried out using disc diffusion method on Muller-Hinton medium.The special susceptibility of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to azlocyllin (100% susceptible strains), ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, netilmicin and tobramicin (1-4% resistant strains) was demonstrated. The least active antibiotics were: ampicillin, cloxacillin, cephradin, cephalotin, cefamandol, Cefuroxim, lincomicin, clindamicin, erythromycin and chloramphenicol. The inve­stigated strains showed specially high resistance to nitrofurantoin and sulphonamids.
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