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EN
Hundred-ninety dead grass snakes Natrix natrix (L. 1758) were collected over 10 months in two years on an 1800-meter stretch of a local road in the outskirts of Wroclaw, a major city in SW Poland. The mortality rate reached a record high value of 204 snakes km⁻¹ year⁻¹ (1.16 snakes km⁻¹ day⁻¹). Two peaks of road mortality, one from the end of May through the beginning of June, and the other, at the beginning of August, contributed 80% of records. The majority (89%) of 110 measured specimens were juveniles with the total length below 30 cm, and around 30% of those collected in the spring and the summer were hatchlings with the total length up to 20 cm. This suggests a significant extension of the hatching period, which may be related to the local mild climate and/or climate warming. The road kill numbers correlated significantly with maximum daily temperatures through the cool (for May) to average (for June) spring of 2004 but not through the hot spring of 2003, which suggests that under average or cool weather conditions the mobility of grass snakes is limited by maximum daily temperatures. No significant correlation with daily rainfall could be established.
EN
During four seasons (years 2000–2004) on 52.3 km of roads with traffic frequencies ranging from 350 to 10 500 vehicles day⁻¹ and crossing diverse habitats in five regions of south-western Poland 3 742 roadkills from 10 amphibian species were recorded. The most frequent road killed species was common toad Bufo bufo (52% of all roadkills), followed by common frog Rana temporaria (12%), green toad Bufo viridis (11%) and moor frog Rana arvalis (3%). For all surveyed roads the roadkill density was positively correlated with the share of woods and the area of ponds. Actual traffic density was a poor predictor of the number of amphibian roadkills in large landscape scale (all surveyed roads). To assess the factors affecting the number of amphibian roadkills in the small landscape scale the Generalized Linear Models (GLZ) were performed between the number of casualties and five habitat variables (area and number of ponds, share of builtup area, open countryside and woodland) for four circular buffer zones (<200 m, <300 m, <400 m, <500 m) around each of the 100-meter sections within 1.8 km of road crossing an area rich in water bodies. The most important variables in GLZ models were the area and number of ponds. These predictors had statistically significant impact on number of roadkills within buffer zones <500 m (area of ponds) and <400 m (number of ponds).
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