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nr 01
EN
In the polluted forests in the neighbourhood of industrial centres mass appearance of some species of aphides, particularly resistant to SO₂, has been observed. The weakened trees being attacked by aphides and by other pests are not able to defend themselves and they perish. According to the author's opinion it is indispensable to undertake the preventive spraying with a solution containing the lacking microelements as it is impossible to reduce immediately the noxious emissions.
RU
В загрязненных лесах поблизости промышленных центров наблюдается появление некоторых, особенно невосприимчивых к SO₂ видов тлей. Ослабленные деревья, разъеданные тлями и другими вредителями, не в состоянии защититься и они гибнут. По мнению автора если нет возможности быстрого ограничения вредных эмиссий надо приступить к профилактическим опрыскиваниям раствором состоящим с отсутствующих микроэлементов.
6
Content available Historia prac badawczych w projektowaniu graficznym
63%
EN
Research work in graphic design have become a quintessential element of the design process, particularly in those cases when the explicit role of the consumer must be taken into account. The research in design helps to discover and to create the knowledge by pushing in a particular direction. These processes are systematic and conscious approach to solve a posted problem. There are two kinds of research in this aspect: the bibliographic research to retrieve sources of existing knowledge, and the empirical research to create the new knowledge. The methodology of research depends on the needs and the character of the projects, while the research goals remain unchanged in both cases. The most important goals are: information retrieval and gathering, specification of design problems, answering questions, systematic verification of assumptions and hypotheses. Research allows building robust design tools and effective solution synopsis or suggestion.
EN
The physiological significance and metabolism of oligoadenylated and polyadenylated human mitochondrial mRNAs are not known to date. After study of eight mitochondrial transcripts (ND1, ND2, ND3, ND5, CO1, CO2, ATP6/8 and Cyt. b) we found a direct correlation between the half-lives of mitochondrial mRNAs and their steady-state levels. Investigation of the mt-mRNA decay after thiamphenicol treatment indicated that three transcripts (ND2, ND3 and Cyt. b) are significantly stabilized after inhibition of mitochondrial translation. Careful analysis one of them, ND3, showed that inaccurate processing of the H-strand RNA precursor may occasionally occur between the ND3 and tRNAArg locus leading to synthesis of ND3 mRNAs lacking the STOP codon. However, analysis of the oligo(A) fraction observed in case of the ND3 indicates that partially polyadenylated mRNAs are linked rather to the transcription process than to the translation-dependent deadenylation. Analysis of ND3 mRNA turnover in cells with siRNA-mediated knock-down of the mitochondrial poly(A) polymerase shows that strongly decreased polyadenylation does not markedly affect the decay of this transcript. We present a model where oligoadenylated mitochondrial transcripts are precursors of molecules containing full length poly(A) tails.
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