In the last decade of the 19th century, there were several people dealing with television in Poland, who were better known for their accomplishments in other fields. Jan Szczepanik’s work was already discussed in our earlier publication, and similarly the achievements of prof. Stefan Manczarski. However, a world-known physicist and later Professor – Mieczysław Wolfke – and film camera designer – Kazimierz Prószyński – are probably remembered only by a handful of people. Both inventors worked on mechanical monochromatic television, but each of them in a different way. Because of technology level of the time it was not possible, though, to go beyond the stage of prototypes and their practical usage – Wolfke’s telectroscope and Prószyński’s telephote. This article is the third one of the series presenting the early history of television technology in Poland.
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In the history of transmitting images over a distance (watching over a distance, i.e. television in a broader meaning of the word), there was a brief period of time when a machine called “Fultograph” was in use. The method of image analysis applied in the transmitter was used by Eng. (later Professor) Stefan Manczarski in his work on television. In Poland, fultographic transmissions were applied in 1929 by Poznań Radio Station and popularised by the Polish Fultographic Society, founded in Kraków by Prof. Witold Wilkosz. Manczarski’s system was displayed in May 1929 at the General National Exhibition in Poznań
One of the most important parts of the telephone are electro-acoustic converters, that is – microphones and earphones. At the beginning of the development of telephone, in the 19th century, when there were no amplifiers available for the technology, providing sufficient volume of voice transmission was not as easy as at the beginning of 20th century, when the vacuum tube was invented. The article is concerned with the part that was played in this process by Polish inventors, Henryk Machalski and Julian Ochorowicz.
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