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EN
The article is a pragmalinguistic analysis of the inaugural addresses delivered by U.S. presidents from 1981 to 2021. The study was conducted using Voyant Tools, a computer software used in corpus linguistics. Four aspects/parameters of the text that affect its level of complexity and thus the level of assimilation of the message (reading ease) were examined. The analysis included (1) lexical density; (2) average sentence length; (3) readability indices including: Gunning Fog, Flesch-Kincaid and SMOG Index; and (4) a tag cloud (cirrus). The point of reference is the classical Ciceronian concept of the Ideal Speaker, which assumes that the political communicator is both erudite, and linguistically competent, encompassing Latin terms sapientia (the personification of widsdom) and eloquentia (the art of oratory). It boils down to an assumption that a fully competent political actor knows the rules of making speeches so as to reach both elites (Latin: optimates) and ordinary citizens (Latin populares). Using a pragmalinguistic approach, it was questioned whether the presidential addresses analyzed provide evidence that the communicators delivering them meet the criteria, fitting into the role of the ideal orator.
PL
The purpose of this article is to provide a theoretical framework for the contemporary process of political communication. It emphasizes the changing roles of the senders/receivers within the process and it postulates unprecedented opportunities offered by the emergence of the New Media. As for the empirical research, we discuss the results of the study that has been conducted to further the understanding of how the younger generation, aged 20-25 (herein referred to as Digital Natives), process and comprehend the news media content, with special attention to political messages. It was initially hypothesized that the main source of information about politics and the surrounding world is the Internet and the social media in particular. The paper discusses the results of the study showing that the alternative news websites and social media, understood as the opposite to what is known as the mainstream media, have been gaining ground. Concurrently, the study discovered the students’ declining interest in traditional institutional mainstream-controlled media (i.e. press, radio or television).
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nr 17
365-376
PL
Larva, pupa, imago: próba redefinicji pojęcia wizerunku politycznego w ujęciu komunikologicznym
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