Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Sprawozdanie z prac techniczno-konserwatorskich

100%

Cydzik J.

Ochrona Zabytków

|

1962

|

nr 3

26-43

EN

In May 1955 the Monument Conservation Department began the main task of its conservation work, namely, securing some endangered parts of the building, introduction of installations, exchanging ceiling and roof structures for fire-proof ones, alteration of the roof covering and liquidation of fungi in the palace. The isolation of the wa'lls were carried out after demounting the stone terraces, removing the parquet flooring on the ground floor and uncovering the construction walls on both sides. At the same time cellars were built under the main p art and galleries of the palace. The cellars under both wings were deepened thus achieving additional rooms for visitors (cloakrooms, wash-rooms) and for the museum. The conservation work on the roofs required th a t concrete beams replace the rafters above the first floor of the main building and above the alcoves while those above tihe galleries be replaced by steel concrete beams. The roof covering above the south wing was completely changed. After the plank lining was installed the Whole roof was covered with sheet copper and equipped with gutters. The wooden domes on the towers were restored, impregnated and reinforced by strip steel. Everything damaged in the palace interior was exchanged. The removal or reinforcement of the ceiling and floor beams required an individual approach for each of the rooms so as not to damage the rich decorations. During the alteration work on the ceiling beams, the parquet damaged by insects had to be removed in th e main section of the palace as well as in the south wing. New parquetry with the same pattern will take their place. To reinforce tihe main walls, steel frames have been set into the window recesses, welded to the ceiling beams and anchored in the walls. Minor defects were corrected and vacant spots were covered with concrete. The crown of the capital walls were inforced by concrete-iron rings. There are two kinds of the heating systems in the palace: the rooms with most valuable furnishings and with rich architectural decorations have been equipped with an aireomditioning system; the other rooms have been installed with heaters or have ceiling heating. The palace has its own power station nearby. The palace and park also have th e ir own water sewage system as well as fire-extinguishing and firealarm systems ensuring the security of the place, in accordance wiith modern requirements of servicing a museum. Electricity is supplied from a newly built transformer station; there is an electrical reserve unit in case of a breakdown.

RU

Главными директивами в сохранительных работах, к которым в мае 1955 года приступили лаборатория Охраны Памятников Прошлого, являлась потребность обеспечения подвергнутых угрозе разрушения построек, закладка оборудований, замена скрепы и сводов на огнеупорные, замена покрытия крыши и обеспечение Дворца против пагубного влияния грибницы. После демонтировки каменных терас и снятии паркета из первоэтажных помещений а также двухстороннего откопания конструктивных стен, исполнено изоляцию стен, углубляя одновременно подвал главного корпуса здания и галереи. В одном и другом флигеле существующие подвалы углублено приобретая таким образом добавочное помещение на потребности для посещающих зрителей (гардеробы, санитарные оборудования) и для музейных потребностей. Начатые работы, связанные с сохранением крыш прежде всего сосредоточились на полной замене деревянной скрепы крыши под вторым этажом главного корпуса здания и под потолком — на железобетонную, а в галереях — на железобетонно- стальную ; крышу над южным флигелем вы- менено полностью. Целость обшито досками, а патом покрыто медной жестью и знабжено системой водопроводных труб. Деревянные части шлемов на башнях отремонтировано, пропитано и укреплено бондарскими изделиями. Главным принципом работ веденных внутри Дворца — это был обмен разрушенных частей. Полный обмен или укрепление брусов под полом и под потолком — с точки зрения на возможность повреждения богатых декораций — требовал индивидуального метода работы для каждого помещения. Во время обмена свобод необходимо было ликвидировать повреждённые насекомыми деревянные плитки паркета в главном корпусе здания и в южном флигеле; на места повреждённых плиток будут положены новые с аналогическим рисунком. По вопросу укрепления капитальных стен решено вставить во внутреннюю поверхность каждого оконного отверстия раму из жести со стальным сводом, укреплённым в стене и спаянным со стропильными балками. Мелочные повреждения перестроено, а пустые места залито бетоном. Капитальные стены связано железобетонным венком. Систему отопления Дворца решено двояким образом а именно: помещения с наиболее ценным оснащением и архитектоническими орнаментами снабжено устройством климатического отопления, а другие помещения как и флигельные постройки получили центральное иЛи потолочное отопление. Источником тепла для этих помещений является собственная, действующая издали котельная. Полный комплекс дворцовый и огородный снабжено системой сети водопроводной и канализационной а также противопожарной и тревожными сигналами, гарантирующими безопасность и охрану объекта а также, согласное с современными требованиями, обслуживание Музея. Электрическое оборудование комплекса питается при помощи построенной трансформаторной станции; в случае наступления перерыва в наплыве тока, смонтировано электрический аварийный агрегат.

2

Funkcje i działalność Komisji Architektoniczno-Konserwatorskiej

100%

Cydzik J.

Ochrona Zabytków

|

1987

|

nr 1-2

70-80

EN

The Civic Committee fo r the Reconstruction of the Royal Castie 'in Warsaw, brought to life on January 26, 1971, established six problem commissions including the Architectonic and Conservation Commission headed by Profesor Jan Zachwatowicz. The Commission included renowned experts, who a t the same time represented buildings and construction authorities. Owing to that, the resolutions of the Commission could provide the base fo r making binding decisions. In specific cases the Commission followed the opinions of va rious specialists and regularly cooperated with other commissions and mainly with the Castle’s Custodian, established by Professor St. 'Lorentz, as w e ll as with the general executor (the State Ateliers fo r the Conservation of Cultural Property) and the assistant investor of the reconstruction of the Castle. Already on March 8, 1971 Professor Jan Zachwatowicz handed in the approved Main Programme Guidelines — as the binding document to the 'investor and the general excutor. The Main Guidelines set out the borders of the location of the castle residence, a historic mass of the structure, the principle of the restitution of the building, its interiors and surroundings. The Guidelines took also into account a ll in stallations that had to be p u t in when a d a p tin g the restituted building to new purposes. The material prepared in such a way provided the basis for working out a d ra ft p roje c t and a summary specification of costs. The project was to be drawn by November 30, 1971. Irrespective of the main guidelines there had also been prepared a programme fo r the use of the Castle, which — a fte r preliminary discussions in problem commissions was submitted on March 10, 1971 for approval to the Praesidium of the Civic Committee fo r the Reconstruction of the Castle. The Praesidium put forward this document fo r public discussion, which lasted till May 15, 1971. The comments and proposals of the society were analyzed and presented at the Plenary Meeting of the Civic Committee on June 30, 1971. Basing on them, the character and a p propriation of the Castle were determined and the o ffic ia l name of the b u ilding, namely "th e Royal Castle in Warsaw - the Monument ot History and National Culture” was adopted on the strength of the Law. As the chairman of the Architectonic and Conservation Commission Professor Jan Zachwatowicz conveyed to the executors the content of the Law adopted as well as de ta ile d resolutions fo r the execution. 1971 was the time of preparatory works. The Commission supervised a proper development of the constructional site, defined the way of demolitions and rubble-removal, fo llo wed the progress of research, archaeological and archite c to nic works. It also analyzed the activity of the Design Office which a t th a t time compiled a ll e arlier documents and a c complished the cataloguing during the removal of the rub ble, making lists of the rescued part o f the building and excavated details. It was planned to commence proper constructional work in the beginning of 1972 and the execution of the raw state of the b u ild in g was scheduled by the State Ateliers fo r the Conservation of Cultural Property by the end o f 1973. On June 1971 Professor Jan Bogusławski submitted to the Commission a substitute plan on a scale 1 :200 of the concept of the distribution of the utility programme and fu n ctions. The acceptance of this concept made possible for designers to start the project on a scale 1:100 in the a rchitectonic and constructional fie ld and to present p re liminary proposals of installation solutions and the entire technical infrastructure. A t the subsequent meetings a number of specific problems th a t arore during the designing stage were discussed. They concerned functional, technical and material problems as well as architectonic details. This p a rticu la r activity of the Commission *ped up design solutions, raised the quality o f projects, and imposed the rate of design and constructional work. Basic design work was done by the PKZ — the Castle and branch projects were carried out in specialized design o ffices such as "In s ta l Projekt", "M e tijo p rojek t", "M o s to s ta l". Due to the necessity to keep up such о fast rate of the execution o f work the Commission found it necessary to successively work out the documentation. It recommended to work out a schedule of the construction and approved a specification o f costs of the raw state o f the Castle. In the firs t months of 1972 the work in the cellars came to an end and in Ap ril of th a t year, there began to appear walls o f the groundfloor in the south wing from the side of the Route W—Z. The hope arose fo r the mass of the Castle to be completed in the raw state in 1974. A t th a t time activities of the Commission concentrated mainly on the analysis of the documentation necessary fo r pursuing the work. Still, the Design Office was instructed to work o u t complete technical documentation and to project the in te riors. Neariy 500 protocols from the meetings of the Commission display an enormous variety of the discussed subjects. A t the in itia i stage the Commission analyzed resuits or c o n structional work and historic, iconographie, architectonic and archaeological studies, which affected conservation d e cisions. In о similar way the commission studied the results of technical investigations, e.g. land resistance, hydrogeological conditions, technical conditions of preserved elements of the building, q u a lity o f materials such as brick, stone, mortars, stucco work, paintings on the plaster. I hey also considered a possibility to use anew numerous elements excavated from the rubble o r to replace them with a new material. The Commission discussed basic constructional and installation problems and verified main guidelines in case of new discoveries and results of the studies which justifie d the need to correct original decisions. Other subjects discussed in d e ta il .included the plan of each interior, a composition of wall, plafond and flo o r decorations, w in dow and d o o r joinery, details of decorations and furnishing, paintings, chandeliers, candle sticks, carpets, tapestries et.c. Mony elements of decoration and interior equipment were rescued and called fo r painstaking conservation. The Commission supervised the activities of the Workshops for the Conservation of Works of Art, Sculpture, Stucco, Metal A rt and other specialistic teams working on behalf of the Castle. A d iffic u lt task fo r the Commission was to agree the colouring of the interiors. When analyzing the proposals they took into account historic relays, the customs and trad itio n as well as the taste of a given epoch o r a ruler, and f i nally the functions of the room and its artistic effect. Some of the decisions are — until today — regarded as co ntroversial — and ca ll for further analyses. A similiar problem arose when examining the proposed solutions of some details of elevations and colours of in d iv idual walls in the Castle’s mass. Still another problem in the work of the Commission was the area a d jo in in g the Castle. The plan to set in order the Castle’s Square, to expose the Gothic Bridge and the Cracow Gate, to delineate the course of defence walls in the square’s surface and to combine it with the south escarp and the Palace "p o d Blachq" was the subject of numerous discussions a t the meetings of the Commission and fin a lly accepted. A similar a ttitu d e was shown to plans fo r castle gardens, Kubicki Arcades, Podzamcze and Gnojna H ill as sites fo r touristic purposes. The fin a l stage o f the activities of the Commission comprised quality and complex acceptance of all executed conservation, architectonic and building works. The A rch ite c to nic and Conservation Commission had been working incessantly fo r nearly 15 years, i.e. until the transference of the structure to the management of the Castle.

3

Przebudowa zabytkowego ośrodka staromiejskiego na przykładzie miasta Paczkowa

100%

Cydzik J.

Ochrona Zabytków

|

1961

|

nr 1-2

75-92

4

Zabytkowe zespoły staromiejskie doczekały się ważnego aktu prawnego

100%

Cydzik J.

Ochrona Zabytków

|

1978

|

nr 4

279

5

Informacja o powołaniu Fundacji Ochrony Zabytków i pierwszych miesiącach jej działalności

100%

Cydzik J.

|

1988

|

nr 1

70