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2 Central European Journal of Communication

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From media selfregulation to ‘crowdcriticism’: Media accountability in the digital age

100%

Fengler S.

nr 2(9)

175-189

This paper seeks to explain the potential impact of new forms of media accountability in the digital age (i.e. media blogs and media criticism via Twitter and Facebook), as well as the failure of many traditional instruments of media self-regulation (i.e. press councils and media journalism) from a theoretical perspective. North’s theory of institutions will be employed to analyze why traditional instruments of media self-regulation often cannot successfully monitor and sanction deviation from professional standards in journalism. Drawing on institutional economics, a media accountability model including the audience in the digital age will be developed as an alternative. Th is audienceinclusive model may prove more effective in the long term, as ‘costs of complaint’ sink, and the utility function of the new ‘digital media critics’ may result in a more effective media criticism. The paper concludes with implications for media policy.

Migration Coverage in Europe, Russia and the United States

17%

Kreutler M. , Fengler S. , Asadi N. , Bodrunova S. , Budivska H. , Diop L. , Ertz G. , Gigola D. , Katus E. , Kovacs D. , Kuś M. , Láb F. , Litvinenko A. , Mack J. , Maier S. , Pinto Martinho A. , Matei A. , Miller K. C. , Oppermann L. , Pérez Vara E. , Polyák G. , Ravisankar R. , Rodríguez Pérez C. , Semova D. J. , Skleparis D. , Splendore S. , Štefaniková S. , Szynol A. , Telo D. , Zguri R.

nr 2(31)

202-226

Six years after the so-called ‘refugee crisis’ in 2015, the European Union remains divided on questions of migration and asylum policy. The issue also remains high on the agendas of the USA and Russia, two other key destination countries with immigration from Latin America and the Post-Soviet space. This article presents results from a comparative study of news coverage in 17 countries, focusing on 10 EU member states in Western and Central Eastern Europe (CEE), the USA and Russia. The intensity of coverage was remarkably different, with Hungary’s and Germany’s media standing out while Russian media displayed relatively low levels of coverage. Individual migrants and refugees were most visible in the two outlets from the USA. Media in CEE countries tended towards a more critical approach than media in Western Europe. However, differences between most countries’ pairs of analyzed media outlets indicate a more pluralistic debate than frequently assumed.