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EN
The paper speculates whether the lexicographic description in a general dictionary of Polish should contain explicit information about cultural knowledge petrified in the language. The author believes that this kind of commentary is important from the point of view of mediation between generations and cultures, and it can help create an active dictionary. An analysis of words from various fields (Wielkanoc ‘Easter’, szlachta ‘nobility’, dzwony ‘bell-bottoms’, bezpieka ‘security services’, orzeł ‘eagle’, magiel ‘mangle’, trzepak ‘carpet hanger’, and others) illustrates and justifies this desideratum, assuming that cultural information will be only partially connected with the semantic description. Such information should be incorporated in different fields within the microstructure of an entry, including material illustration. For many units, the introduction of an explanation in an extrasemantic section “cultural knowledge and competence” can be used as an alternative or supplementary solution.
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Content available remote Polisemia regularna – między semantyką a kontekstem
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EN
The paper attempts to answer the question whether the fact that a semantic difference is solely determined by its context, suffices to justify forgoing it in a dictionary, or whether lexicographers should also take other factors into account. The author points out that a considerable part of regular semantic oppositions of nouns follow predictable patterns – which is not to say that all of the products that they might potentially generate must actually appear in the language. The article seeks to answer two questions: 1. where might be the blockages located that disallow certain products of such shifts to operate in the language, and leave others a derivational potential, and 2. is context merely a tool of disambiguation through fixed patterns, or are new meanings constantly created afresh based on it? Definitive answers are not given, but it is shown that it might be unsuitable for a lexicographer to strictly demarcate semantics and pragmatics. In some cases, extralinguistic factors will trigger mechanisms of semantic derivation and accelerate lexicalization, while in others, presumably, they will inhibit the derivational potential of certain regular types of semantic shifts.
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nr 12
24-33
EN
The aim of the article is to discuss whether additional cultural information, explicitly formulated, i.e. apart from definitions in some types of entries and apart from linguistic material (collocations and quotations), should be included in a general monolingual dictionary. On the example of a few lexical units from the semantic field ‘Tradition’ the author points out that this kind of explanations will be valuable from the perspective of an intercultural and intergenerational mediation. As it appears, the elements of cultural description have to be divided between various fields of the microstructure of entries and, alas, the pattern of cultural information for the analyzed units should not be repeated. The author postulates another solution for some methodological problems which can be an additional field, allocated for the cultural information and closely connected with the definition.
PL
Przedstawiona w artykule analiza wyrażeń z kwalifikatorem praw. we współczesnych słownikach języka polskiego służy próbie rozwiązania problemów określenia miejsca słownictwa specjalistycznego oraz sposobów jego kwalifikowania w leksykonach ogólnych. W zgodzie z postulatem meteksykografii, by w słowniku jednojęzycznym znalazły się terminy specjalistyczne używane również przez niespecjalistów, autorki proponują, by w słownikach ogólnych umieszczać te wyrażenia związane z prawem, 1) które są używane również w tekstach innych niż prawne czy prawnicze (np. publicystycznych) i – jeśli są homonimiczne z wyrażeniami należącymi do języka ogólnego – 2) których znaczenie w standardowej polszczyźnie jest różne niż prawne/prawnicze. Rozstrzygnięcia te, jak się wydaje, mogą być relewantne także dla kwalifikowania wyrażeń z innych dziedzin.
EN
The aim of the presented analysis of words and phrases with the label "praw." (‘legal’) in contemporary dictionaries of Polish language is an attempt to solve some problems of determining the place of specialist vocabulary and its qualifying in general dictionaries. The authors agree with the metalexicographical postulate that a monolingual dictionary should also note terms used by non-specialists. In their opinion there should be noted the words and phrases connected with law that 1) are also used in not-legal texts (e.g. journalistic writing) and 2) if they are homonymous with not-legal phrases their meaning in standard Polish is different from legal terms. These conclusions seem also to be important for qualifying specialist vocabulary from other fields.
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EN
The paper discusses the issue of the use of lexicographic works in the process of linguistic interpretation, which causes multiple problems in the judicial practice. Omitting positive examples, we show judgements in which the decision can be considered argumentatively unsatisfactory in the area of linguistic interpretation. We hope that the presented material will help linguists and authors of Polish dictionaries better understand how their work is utilized by other users of Polish. Simultaneously, we indicate moments where judicial errors result not only from lack of knowledge or negligence on the part of the interpreters, but also from defects and inconsistencies in the results of linguistic work (e.g. from inadequate definitions or insufficient contrast between definitions of related lexemes), and insufficient familiarization of the extra-linguistic milieu with methodologically newer dictionaries and language corpora.
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