The article deals with metaphor and its use within common and poetic language. It describes its functions and gives basic distinctions between the poetic, narrative and scientific language in as far as figurativeness and non-linguistic components are concerned. The overlapping points are, to a lesser or greater extent, represented by metaphors, even without human mind realizing this fact. The attention is paid also to context and connotations. The author is, in her work, concerned with Russia and USSR picture and stereotypes outside Russian cultural area, and, therefore, she gives a few examples of how metaphors are used to describe one of the periods of the history of this country.
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