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1
Content available Skutki brexitu dla gospodarki Wielkiej Brytanii i Polski
100%
Wieczorek P.
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tom 62
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nr 3 (373)
108-132
EN
The majority of analytical centres forecasts show that – as a result of the United Kingdom’s resignation from the membership in the European Union – the British economy will face a recession. From the perspective of the United Kingdom’s development prospects, the effects of withdrawal from the EU should not be, however, very severe: in the worst scenario the GDP will decrease by 7.9 percent by 2030. Yet, the decrease is rather expected to be lower – between 1.1 and 3.5 percent – and with no risk of a deep and long-lasting economic crisis. The Polish economy will also experience negative effects of Brexit, these will not, however, be very serious either, and they will be equalised within three or four years thanks to the development of alternative markets. Still, some Polish companies closely connected with the British market may have difficulties finding new business niches.
2
Content available Unia na rozdrożu – refleksje o przyszłości integracji europejskiej – 60-lecie Traktatów Rzymskich
100%
Wieczorek P.
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tom 62
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nr 4 (375)
139-161
EN
The founders of the European Union, while signing the Treaties of Rome on 25th March 1957, foresaw that the construction of the united Europe would be accompanied by internal conflicts and crises. They believed that such temporary difficulties would not stop the integration process, but would rather strengthen the feeling of solidarity. However nowadays, when the emerging problems seem to question the future of the EU, it is not sure whether Europe will overcome them being more united indeed. In his article, the author discusses the most important political conditions that influence the debate on the future of the Union, he presents alternative scenarios of the further development of the European integration process in the perspective of the year 2025, and he attempts to set a potential place of Poland in the changing Europe.
3
Content available Makroekonomiczne uwarunkowania rozwoju gospodarczego –perspektywa dla Polski 2017–2019
100%
Wieczorek P.
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tom 62
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nr 6 (377)
107-136
EN
Since the turn of the years 2016 and 2017, many positive signals have come from the economy: the market data clearly show that the process for economic situation reconstruction has been generally successful. Export has been increasing, inflation seems to be under control, the rate of the Polish zloty remains stable, and the economic and financial situation of companies has been improving gradually. This does not mean, however, that in the coming years Poland will be able to develop fast. Besides, the majority of forecasts assume that in 2018 the rate of the gross domestic product may decrease in comparison with 2017, and it is still unknown how the increase curve will develop in the following years. The article attempts to assess the macroeconomic situation of Poland as forecast for 2017 and as foreseen for the years 2018–2019, as well as to analyse the key factors that will influence the prospects of our economy development. In this context, attention has been focused on five issues: investment trends, the role of knowledge and innovation in stimulating economic growth, the structural conditions of the national labour market, the stability of public finance in the perspective of the coming years, and the conditions for business activity in Poland.
4
Content available Rynek pracy w Polsce w latach 2016–2018 - uwarunkowania i prognozy
100%
Wieczorek P.
Kontrola Państwowa
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2019
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tom 64
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nr 4 (387)
124-153
EN
In the years 2016–2018, the situation on the labour market in Poland improved considerably. The number of employed persons increased, and the unemployment rate dropped to a historic low level. Still, the market has several structural weaknesses, such as gaps in the personnel’s qualifications versus the needs of entrepreneurs, omnipresent unstable forms of employment, rigidity of the labour code, hidden unemployment in agriculture, and low effectiveness of the labour agencies. As a result, little progress can be observed with regard to Poles’ professional activity, which, consequently, hampers the process of meeting the demographic challenges due to the decreasing population and the Polish society’s aging.
5
Content available Numerical Study of Rotary Friction Welding of Automotive Components
51%
Więckowski W. , Lacki P. , Derlatka A. , Wieczorek P.
Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal
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2024
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tom Vol. 18, no 4
336--346
EN
The aim of the research was to select a material from which a washer can be made, so that it can be connected to an E355 steel tube by Rotary Friction Welding (RFW). It was decided to choose the steel grade X6CrMo17-1. The numerical model of the RFW process was built using the finite element method (FEM) using the ADINA System software. The numerical model takes into account the friction coefficient with variable values depending on the temperature. Numerical simulations of the process made it possible to determine the temperature fields in the weld cross-section. For the assumed process parameters: rotational speed of 14,000 rpm, friction time of 1.5 s and friction force of 600 N, the peak temperature occurred in the middle of the friction surface at the end of the friction phase and amounted to 1050 C. The results of the temperature analysis are one of the most important parameters for the implementation of subsequent calculations, such as the calculation of structural changes, hardness, residual stresses and deformations.
6
Content available remote The analysis of the microstructure of welded joints in steel P5 after service
51%
Merda A. , Golański G. , Wieczorek P. , Staszałek K.
Biuletyn Instytutu Spawalnictwa w Gliwicach
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2020
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tom Vol. 64, No. 5
7--12
EN
The material subjected to the tests discussed in the article was a section of a welded joint made of bainitic steel P5. The joint subjected to analysis was sampled from a pipe section exposed to the effect of elevated temperature for more than 96 000 hours. The metallurgical tests revealed a relatively low degree of the degradation of the test joint. The microstructure contained retained bainite and precipitates of various morphology. The identification of precipitates revealed the presence of M23C6 and M2C precipitates in the joint. The M23C6 carbides were observed along the boundaries of former austenite grains. The above-named identification of precipitates also revealed the presence of M2C and M23C6 C6 carbides within the grains/laths. The insignificant exhaustion of the joint microstructure might be ascribed to the fact that the joint was subjected to relatively low temperature for a relatively short time.
PL
Badaniu poddano wycinek złącza spawanego bainitycznej stali P5. Analizowane złącze pobrano z wycinka rury po długotrwałej eksploatacji w podwyższonej temperaturze. Przeprowadzone badania metaloznawcze wykazały względnie niewielki stopień degradacji badanego materiału. W mikrostrukturze obserwowano zachowaną bainityczną budowę z wydzieleniami o różnej morfologii. Przeprowadzona identyfikacja wykazała występowanie w badanym złączu wydzieleń M23C6 i M2C. Węgliki M23C6 obserwowano po granicach ziaren byłego austenitu, natomiast wewnątrz ziaren/listew ujawniono występowanie węglików M2C i M23C6. Względnie niewielki stopień wyczerpania mikrostruktury badanego złącza wynikał zapewne z relatywnie niskiej temperatury i zbyt krótkiego czasu eksploatacji.
7
Analiza technologii przelotowego nagrzewania walcówki do zakresu temperatur dwuetapowej obróbki cieplnej typu TRIP
51%
Wiewiórska S. , Muskalski Z. , Wieczorek P.
Hutnik, Wiadomości Hutnicze
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2019
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tom Vol. 86, nr 12
370--377
PL
W pracy przeanalizowano możliwość zastosowania szybkiego, oporowego lub indukcyjnego nagrzewania, półwyrobów długich (walcówki i drutów) do temperatury austenityzowania podczas dwuetapowej obróbki cieplnej, mającej zapewnić w materiale strukturę typu TRIP. Wykazano, że taki sposób nagrzewania wsadu do określonego przedziału temperatur z zakresu wyżarzania dwufazowego austenityczno-ferrytycznego zapewni odpowiednią ilość austenitu szczątkowego w strukturze materiału oraz równomierny rozkład własności mechanicznych na jego przekroju. Pozwoli to na skrócenie długości projektowanej linii technologicznej do obróbki cieplnej typu TRIP o ponad 50%.
EN
The work explores the possibility of using fast, resistance or induction heating, long blanks (wire rods and wires) up to the austenitizing temperature during two-stage heat treatment to provide TRIP type structure in the material. It has been shown that this method of heating the feedstock to a specific temperature range in the two-phase austenitic-ferritic annealing range will ensure the right amount of retained austenite in the material structure and uniform distribution of mechanical properties on its cross-section. This will shorten the length of the designed TRIP type heat treatment technological line by over 50%.
8
Mechanizmy umocnienia oraz degradacji żarowytrzymałej stali austenitycznej
45%
Golański G. , Wieczorek P. , Gredka A. , Maternicki M. , Grodzki J.
Energetyka
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2024
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tom nr 7
278--283
PL
W artykule na przykładzie stali Super 304H scharakteryzowano mechanizmy umocnienia oraz procesy degradacji zachodzące w czasie eksploatacji nowoczesnych, żarowytrzymałych stali austenitycznych.
EN
The paper describes the mechanisms of strengthening and the processes of degradation running during the service of modern creep-resisting austenitic steels on the example of Super 304H steel.
9
Content available remote Evaluation of the impact of electron beam welding parameters on the mechanical properties and microstructure of the resulting joint for 39CrMoV13 and M50NiL steel grades
45%
Wencel Z. , Wiewiórowska S. , Wieczorek P. , Michalczyk J. , Gontarz A.
Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering
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2022
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tom Vol. 22, no. 4
art. no. e200, 2022
EN
The paper covers a study consisting on the implementation of the electron beam welding process of two steel grades: 39CrMoV13 and M50NiL. The welding process was carried out for two values of electron beam debunching, obtaining a joint having different widths. Then, for the samples, after each welding variant, heat treatment was carried out consisting of double tempering at 520 °C for 3 h, and single freezing at − 84 °C for 3 h, combined with single tempering at 520 °C for 3 h. The impact of the parameters of the electron beam welding process and the subsequent heat treatment process on the mechanical properties and microstructure of the resulting joint was analysed. The conducted tests allowed to select the optimum welding technology combined with the heat treatment process for the tested steel grades ensuring that a weld is obtained in which the level of mechanical properties was close to the level of values obtained for the base material.
10
Nowoczesne stale martenzytyczne dla energetyki
45%
Golański G. , Owczarek J. , Wieczorek P. , Maternicki M. , Grodzicki J.
Energetyka
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2023
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tom nr 5
341--346
PL
W artykule na podstawie badań własnych oraz dostępnych danych literaturowych przedstawiono charakterystykę nowoczesnych stali martenzytycznych zawierających 11-12%Cr, tj. stali Thor 115 i Super VM12. Scharakteryzowano skład chemiczny, obróbkę cieplną, mikrostrukturę oraz właściwości użytkowe analizowanych stopów.
EN
The article is based on own research and available literature sources. It presents the characteristics of modern martenstick steels containing 11 -12% Cr, i.e. Thor 115 and Super VM12. The chemical composition, heat treatment, microstructure, and functional properties of the analysed alloys have been characterized.
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