Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Warunki wystepowania i funkcjonowania obszarow podmoklych w Parku Narodowym Gor Stolowych

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Woronko D.

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tom 02

23-29

2

Diagnoza zmienności cech fizycznych i geochemicznych Wielkiego Torfowiska Batorowskiego w Górach Stołowych

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Woronko D.

Przegląd Geofizyczny

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2008

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tom Z. 2

181-194

PL

Warunki fizycznogeograficzne w górach nie sprzyjają rozwijaniu się obszarów podmokłych, dlatego też Wielkie Torfowisko Batorowskie jest stosunkowo niewielkim obiektem położonym w polskiej części Gór Stołowych, zbudowanych głównie z piaskowców i margli kredowych. Torfowisko zajmuje obszar ok. 35 ha i znajduje się na lekko pochylonym stoku, o spadku w kierunku północnym. Jest to obiekt o charakterze młaki, w którego spągu stwierdzono zwietrzelinę marglistą oraz liczne uskoki i spękania tektoniczne, które były podstawową przyczyną powstania niecki akumulacyjnej torfowiska. Najwyższy punkt torfowiska znajduje się na wysokości 719 m n.p.m., natomiast najniższy na 708 m n.p.m. Celem badań opisywanych w niniejszej pracy było określenie czasowej i przestrzennej zmienności fizycznych i geochemicznych cech Wielkiego Torfowiska Batorowskiego. Prace badawcze i pomiarowe przeprowadzono w 1999 r. Ich wyniki wskazują na mezo- i oligotroficzne warunki siedliskowe, co jest charakterystyczne dla torfowisk, których osady są mało zasobne w składniki odżywcze. Zmienność przestrzenna fizycznych i geochemicznych cech torfowiska jest ściśle powiązana z warunkami hydrogeologicznymi. Wody podziemne zasilające Wielkie Torfowisko Batorowskie wpływają na jakość wód torfowych. Siedlisko, stosunkowo bogatsze w składniki odżywcze, zajmuje jedynie niewielki obszar torfowiska, na jego zachodnich obrzeżach, zasilany wodami podziemnymi krążącymi w marglach kredowych. Pozostała część torfowiska pozostaje pod wpływem wód wypływających z ubogich w składniki odżywcze piaskowców. Jest to jedna z głównych przyczyn powodujących mezo- i oligotroficzne środowisko torfowiska. Jeśli chodzi o zmienność czasową, jedynie temperatura wody wykazuje zróżnicowanie sezonowe. Inne elementy, takie jak pH, przewodność elektryczna wody oraz zawartość tlenu rozpuszczonego pozostają na podobnym poziomie.

EN

Mountain landscape is not suitable for peatland development. Wielkie Torfowisko Batorowskie is a rather small peatland in Stołowe Mountains (South-West part of Poland) mainly built of marls and sandstones. The peatland area covers 35 ha and may be classified as a bog-spring situated on a mountain slope, with marl in bedrock, which surface inclines to North direction. Its highest point lies on 719 m a.s.l. and the lowest one on 708 m a.s.l. The sediment basin was formed due to land collapsing on the lines of faults. The aim of the investigation was to establish temporal and spatial variability of physical and geochemical properties of the peatland. Research sampling and measurements were conducted during the year of 1999. Results of investigations indicate meso and ombrotrophic conditions with rather low content of nutrients in peat deposits what is very characteristic for this kind of peatlands. Spatial variability of physical and geochemical peatland properties is strictly connected with hydrogeological conditions. Groundwater supplying Wielkie Torfowisko Batorowskie influences the quality of peatland water. Relatively rich habitat is a very small part of the peatland on its west edges which are supplied with groundwater circulated in marl rocks. The rest of the peatland area is supplied with groundwater from very nutrient poor sandstone aquifer. This situation is one of the main factor created meso and ombrotrophic habitat of the peatland. In case of temporal variability only water temperature varies in seasons. Other elements like for instance, pH, electric conductivity and dissolved oxygen, state more or less stable in time.

3

Wpływ zagospodarowania torfowiska górskiego na zmiany obiegu wody

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Woronko D.

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2007

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tom 38

EN

Mountain landscape is not suitable for peatland development. Peat bogs originated in mountains area are characterised by small area and thin layer of organic matter therefore any artificial influence may strongly disturb the structure of a water cycle in a whole peatland basin. Wielkie Torfowisko Batorowskie is a peatland situated at the southwest part of Poland in Stołowe Mountains, which are mainly built of marls and sandstones. The peatland area covers 35ha and its catchment is 120ha when the maximum depth of the peat is 510 cm. Approximately one hundre years ago the bog was afforested by Norway spruce (Picea abies). Another artificial influence was to cross the peatland and its catchment by ditches. These caused the increased of surface runoff and lowering of groundwater table on the peatland, especially on its margin parts when peat soil became strongly mineralized and the process of the peat formation was stopped. Only a few hectares in the centre of the bog kept its natural character. The influence of the artificial drainage on the water cycle mainly concerns the stream outflow from the bog which is increased by ditches, especially during winter time. Wielkie Torfowisko Batorowskie lost some character as a reservoir of water storage contributing the water stocking in the catchment area.

4

Struktura odpływu w zlewni różnicowej Nidy

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Nowicka B. , Woronko D.

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tom 27

EN

1. Alimentation of the researched system. In the years 1971-1998, an average 0.698 km³ of water alimented the researched system annually. Of this volume, merely 22 per cent originated by precipitation, while the remaining amount was the inflow from the upper course of the Nida, which therefore had a dominant influence on the regime of the researched section of the river. The temporal distribution of flow coefficient (Parde) did not change between the cross sections closing the system. The temporal distribution of both inflow variables is uneven. With regard to precipitation inflow, the privileged months are June, July and August. In case of river inflow, on the average the largest water volumes aliment the system in the spring. At the same time, the maximum flow values are reached in July and August. The inflow to the river basin is point-like, whereas the precipitation inflow is spatially varied, with the right-bank part of the basin collecting the major part of water. The distribution of precipitation is affected by such factors as the Nida valley. This is particularly well visible in June, July and August (up to 10 per cent difference in precipitation volumes), in the winter months it is an insignificant phenomenon. 2. Runoff conditions in the differential river basin subsystem The differential river basin subsystem is varied in terms of physiogeographic conditions. It is made up of three units: the Wodzisław Hummock, the Pińczów Hummock and the Solec Basin, which bears upon the runoff conditions. This is manifested by differences in the density of the drainage system, ranging from 0.36 km/km² in the Wodzisław Hummock to 0.85 km/km² within the Solec Basin. This picture is disturbed by artificial watercourses, which represent 45 per cent of the entire drainage network. If we compare the runoff conditions in the left-bank and right-bank parts of the river basin, we can observe that in the latter they are markedly worse. Measured at high water stages (in July 1999), the unit runoffs reached the values of merely 1.151 skm/skm² to 2.031 skm². In the left-bank part of the river basin, the unit runoff was definitely higher and more varied. The best runoff conditions were recorded in the gypsum karst of the Solec Basin and at the base of the Pińczów Hummock. Maximum unit runoffs measured in July 1999 reached 15.31 skm². In the years 1971-1998, the average unit runoff from the entire researched subsystem was high and amounted to 5.61 skm². In the wet years, it reached 10.711 skm², while in the dry ones it fell to 3.22 skm². The average runoff coefficient ( 1971-1998) reached 32 per cent. 3. The functioning of the Nida subsystem. The Nida valley constitutes a separate physio-geographic unit. In the early 1970s, it was strongly transformed by man owing to the regulation of the Nida channel, construction of drainage ditches and accompanying hydrotechnical facilities. All this resulted in reduced retention role of the valley in the area of Pińczów. Nonetheless, the valley's retention function was still visible in transforming high water stages. This particularly applied for summer high water stages, whose maximum flows normally diminished along with the river flow. During thaw flows, this was not as obvious, which could be associated with ice phenomena. The transformation period of the maximum flow normally lasted two to three days. In the researched section, the Nida, primarily performs a transit role. In the years 1971-1998, on the average the Nida river channel annually transported 0.546 km³ of water from the upper part of the river basin. The side tributary alimentation from the differential catchment area subsystem represented only eight to nine per cent of this volume. It was primarily water produced by the drainage of the abundant subterranean waters. The waste water discharged to the Nida represented approximately six per cent of the annual average of side tributary alimentation.

5

Źródło wilgoci w barchanach Sahary Zachodniej

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Dluzewski M. , Zmudzka E. , Woronko D. , Biejat K.

Prace i Studia Geograficzne

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2012

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tom 49

EN

The aim of the study was to determine the impact of climatic and meteorological conditions on aeolian sand transport within barchans. The study area was located at Western Sahara, around the towns of Tarfaya and Laâyoune. Particular attention was paid to the factors that increase the moisture content of the surface and subsurface layers of sand dunes. It could be one of the important factors to have an influence on threshold wind velocity. Western Sahara dune fields are situated in the zone of the dominant wind direction from the northern sector, which determines the barchan dunes shape and orientation, as well as the supply of moisture from the Atlantic Ocean. The results of investigations confirm that dunes receive quite a lot of moisture from rainfall and such phenomena as fog as well. Studies have confirmed that the water supply from the fog is comparable to, or even exceeds the amount of water from rainfall in the area. Wetted surface layer reduces the transport of aeolian material, even in case of a wind speed greater than 4-5 ms⁻¹. The presence of fog and dew does not affect the moisture of the deeper sand layers, which occurs after rainfall. Analysis of aeolian sand transport within the barchan dunes in the areas such a Western Sahara, should not be therefore limited to the measurement of wind speed and its direction. It must include the investigations on other meteorological elements, especially air temperature and humidity conditions, responsible for the amount of atmospheric deposits on the dune surface.