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Calystegia soldanella: dune versus laboratory plants to highlight key adaptive physiological traits

100%

Spano C. , Bruno M. , Bottega S.

nr 04

Coastal plants live in heterogeneous and potentially stressful environments in which multiple stress factors may coexist. Some of these constraints can induce oxidative stress with consequent damage to cell components and structures. To contrast oxidative damage plants have evolved antioxidant systems, including both enzymatic and non-enzymatic molecules. The aim of this study was to highlight main physiological traits evolved by plants to survive in coastal environment through a comparison of nutritional and physiological parameters between dune (DC) and laboratory-grown (LC) plants of Calystegia soldanella (L.), a typical dune plant. In comparison with laboratory plants, dune plants living on a soil with relatively low nutrient content, were characterised by lower total nitrogen, K? and phosphate content and by lower K?/ Na?, PO42-/Cl- and N/Cl- ratios. Pigment content was significantly higher in LC than in DC plants. Despite their higher hydrogen peroxide content and lipid peroxidation, dune plants had a membrane damage, assessed by the electrolytic conductivity method, not significantly different from that of LC plants. Phenol and ascorbate pools, glutathione reductase and catalase activities were significantly higher in dune than in laboratory plants. Although the stress level was high, coastal plants were well protected against oxidative damage and proline, phenols, ascorbate, glutathione reductase and catalase seemed to play a pivotal role in plant adaptation to the constraints of coastal environment.

Chemical Composition and Biological Activity of Essential Oil from Flowerheads of Centaurea polymorpha Lag. (Asteraceae) GrowingWild in Spain

75%

Forimsano C. , Senatore F. , Bellone G. , Bruno M. , Grassia A. , Raio A. , Rigano D.

2006

tom Vol. 80, nr 4

617-622

The volatile constituents of the flowerheads of Centaurea polymorpha Lag. were extracted by hydrodistillation and analysed by GC and GC-MS. 63 components, amounting to 91.6% of the oil, were identified. Waxes and sesquiterpenes were the most abundant components in the oil. alfa-Cedrene (3.9%), beta-cedrene (3.6%) and beta-curcumene (3.0%) were the most representative sesquiterpene hydrocarbons while caryophyllene oxide (2.6%) was the most abundant oxygen containing sesquiterpene. The study on the biological activity of the oils showed no significant activity.

Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of the Essential Oils from Aerial Parts of Two Marrubium sp. (Lamiaceae) GrowingWild in Lebanon

75%

Grassia A. , Senatore F. , Arnold A. , Bruno M. , Piozzi F. , Rigano D. , Forimsano C.

2006

tom Vol. 80, nr 4

623-628

The essential oils of aerial parts of Marrubium globosum Montbr. etAuch. ex Benth. ssp. libanoticum (Boiss) Davis and M. cuneatum Banks et Solander (Lamiaceae) growing wild in Lebanon were obtained by hydrodistillation and were analysed by GC and GC-MS. Altogether 64 compounds, representing 93.4% and 91.4% of the oils,were identified. The main components of both oils were beta-caryophyllene (12.4%-5.2%), hexadecanoic acid (7.4%-6.5%) and spathulenol (5.2%-6.5%). Bicyclogermacrene (5.2%) was present only in the oil of M. cuneatum characterized by high amount of germacrene D (15.6%). Oils showed a moderate antimicrobial activity.

An Unusual Pregnane Derivative and Dibenzylbutyrolactone Lignans from Centaurea sclerolepis

63%

Erdemgil Z. , Rosselli S. , Maggio A. , Raccuglia R. , Celik S. , Michalska K. , Kisiel W. , Bruno M.

2006

tom Vol. 80, nr 4

647-650