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1

Mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequence data provide resolution to sister-group relationships within Pteronotus (Chiroptera: Mormoopidae)

100%

Van Den Bussche R. A. , Weyandt S. E.

Acta Chiropterologica

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2003

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tom 05

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nr 1

EN

Whereas it is generally agreed that the Neotropical bat family Mormoopidae, as well as the two mormoopid genera (Mormoops and Pteronotus) are each monophyletic, relationships among the six extant species of Pteronotus remain unresolved. The purpose of this study was to evaluate phylogenetic relationships within Pteronotus using DNA sequence data from the mitochondrial ribosomal and cytochrome b genes and the nuclear Recombination Activating Gene-2 based on likelihood inferential techniques (maximum likelihood and Bayesian phylogenetics). Results of this study present, for the first time, a fully resolved and strongly supported phylogeny for all relationships within Pteronotus. These data strongly support: sister-group relationships between davyi and gymnonotus (subgenus pteronotus), between macleayii and quadridens (subgenus chilonycteris), and between the subgenera pteronotus and chilonycteris. Pteronotus personatus is sister to this clade and P. parnellii is the most basal lineage of Pteronotus. Although this is the first study to provide a fullyresolved and strongly supported hypothesis for the phylogenetic relationships among species of Pteronotus, future work must focus on phylogeographic surveys within each species because previous studies have suggested that parnellii and personatus may contain undescribed species.

2

Molecular phylogenetics of the chiropteran family Vespertilionidae

100%

Hoofer S. R. , Van Den Bussche R. A.

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nr Suppl.

EN

Limited information from existing data sets and the tremendous amount of diversity in number and kind within the chiropteran family Vespertilionidae (about one-third of all bat species) have hampered efforts to provide adequate assessments of long-standing genealogic hypotheses (e.g., monophyly of the family and of the five subfamilies). We generated approximately 2.6 kilobase pairs of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequence ecompassing three adjacent genes (12S rRNA, tRNAVal, 16S rRNA) for 120 vespertilionids representing 110 species, 37 of 44 genera, and all subfamilies. We assessed monophyly of Vespertilionidae in initial analyses of 171 taxa including representatives of all bat families (except the monotypic Craseonycteridae), and assessed lower-level relationships by analysis of several truncated taxon sets. Phylogenetic analysis of ribosomal gene sequences provides well-supported resolution for vespertilionid relationships across taxonomic levels. Furthermore, the resolution is not heavily burdened by alignment of ambiguous regions of the ribosomal gene sequences, and topologies and levels of support produced by two phylogenetic methods (Bayesian and Parsimony) agreed markedly. Our analyses suggest relationships that support many parts of the traditional classification but which also support several changes. The majority of these changes also receives support from other data sources, particularly bacular and karyotypic data. We make more than 20 taxonomic conclusions or recommendations and construct a working classification for vespertilionoid bats. Highlights include: Miniopterus (subfamily Miniopterinae) is recognized in its own family, Miniopteridae, as it represents an extremely divergent lineage relative to other vespertilionids, and in some analyses is sister to the molossids and natalids; all other vespertilionids examined form a well-supported clade; two of the traditional subfamilies within Vespertilionidae (sensu stricto) are monophyletic, Murininae and Kerivoulinae; Nyctophilinae has no validity and Vespertilioninae is paraphyletic relative to the position of Myotis; Myotis is sister to a clade containing Kerivoulinae and Murininae and is recognized in its own subfamily, Myotinae; Myotis subgenera Leuconoe, Selysius, and Myotis are polyphyletic, and a subgeneric classification reflecting geography is suggested, broadening subgenus Myotis to include the sampled Old World species, and allocating the sampled New World species to another subgenus (Aeorestes Fitzinger, 1870); Vespertilioninae (excluding Myotis) is monophyletic; Pipistrellus-like bats (i.e., the traditional tribe Vespertilionini) are divided into three tribes (Nycticeiini; Pipistrellini; Vespertilionini); and support for three tribes of Pipistrellus-like bats has several implications at the genus level. Overall, this study offers a robust working hypothesis for vespertilionid relationships and provides a good starting point for new investigations into the evolutionary history of Vespertilionidae.

3

Geographic distribution, ecology, and phylogenetic affinities of Thyroptera lavali Pine 1993

80%

Solari S. , Van Den Bussche R. A. , Hoofer S. R. , Patterson B. D.

Acta Chiropterologica

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2004

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tom 06

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nr 2

EN

Thyroptera lavali (Chiroptera: Thyropteridae) is a rare Neotropical species that until now has been recorded from only five localities in the Amazonian rainforests of Peru, Ecuador, Venezuela, and Brazil. Fewer than 10 specimens of T. lavali exist and, accordingly, little is known about its distribution, natural history, and phylogenetic affinities. We report new records for the species from southeastern Peru. Together with other recently published records, these expand the known range of the species considerably, as well as increase our knowledge of its ecology. Thyroptera lavali seems to prefer primary forest near swamps, and probably roosts in palms; its reproductive pattern is similar to that of other Neotropical insectivorous bats, with parturition at the beginning of wet season. Finally, we used two different data matrices to assess its phylogenetic relationships: one of discrete morphological characters, the other of DNA sequences of mitochondrial genes. Both data sets support a sister relationship between T. lavali and T. tricolor, with T. discifera as the basal member of the genus Thyroptera.

4

Ancient and contemporary DNA sheds light on the history of mouse-eared Bats in Europe and the Caucasus

70%

Bogdanowicz W. , Van Den Bussche R. A. , Gajewska M. , Postawa T. , Harutyunyan M.

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tom 11

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nr 2

EN

Nietoperzowa Cave in southern Poland has more than 30 subfossils of mouse-eared bats of known age (820 ± 25 years BP). If DNA has been preserved in a useable fashion in these fossils, they will provide unique opportunities for studying historic population genetics of these animals. We sequenced the entire cytochrome b gene (1,140 bp) from seven subfossil and 56 contemporary individuals of mouse-eared bats from Europe and the Caucasus Mts. Our phylogenetic estimates, combined with a low level of genetic differentiation (2.7%) suggest that M. myotis and M. oxygnathus recently diverged and are distinct at the subspecies level. We also included a fragment of mitochondrial hypervariable region (292 bp) from contemporary mouse-eared bats in our analyses, and noted that among eight haplogroups recorded in Europe and the Caucasian Mts., haplogroup D (recognized as oxygnathus) probably arose in the Crimean refugium and evolved in a steppe landscape. The Balkan stock (haplogroup F) was also successful and dispersed over extended areas. Individuals possessing this haplogroup can be found from the northern part of Apennine Peninsula to southern Poland. On the other hand, during the last ice age, individuals with haplogroup A (described as myotis) most likely found refugia in Iberia. As the glaciers retreated north, these individuals migrated north of the Alps to central Europe (and then to the Balkans). As this group has much stronger affinities with forests than mouse-eared bats from southern parts of Europe, the dispersal of these individuals would have followed the northern migration of deciduous trees in this area. The Carpathian Basin is an area of mixing for several haplogroups from different refugia, including those in Iberia, Apennine Peninsula, Balkans, and the Crimea. Nuclear RAG2 sequence data revealed reciprocal hybridization events of both historic and recent origins. Our results document for the first time that both taxa were present north of the Carpathian Mts. for at least the past 800 years (ca. 400 generations). These are the first subfossil bats from which DNA has been extracted and sequenced, opening new possibilities for future research. Finally, these data highlight the importance of large phylogeographic surveys even among very common taxa.

5

Molecular dietary analysis of the endangered Ozark big-eared Bat (Corynorhinus townsendii ingens)

51%

Van Den Bussche R. A. , Lee D. N. , Judkins M. E. , Dyer J. E. , Thompson D. M. , Stark R. C. , Puckette W. L. , Fuller B.

Acta Chiropterologica

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2016

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tom 18

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nr 1

EN

Molecular techniques allow amplification of a mitochondrial barcoding gene, cytochrome c oxidase (COI), of prey DNA in bat fecal material that can be used to identify insect species. Most studies designed to use a molecular approach for dietary studies of bats suggest that fecal material should be collected within one week of deposit to prevent environmental degradation or contamination. However, Ozark big-eared bats (Corynorhinus townsendii ingens) are highly susceptible to human disturbance. The purpose of this study was to performing a molecular dietary analysis of Ozark big-eared bats. Our study detected 40 species representing two orders (Diptera and Lepidoptera) and 11 families of insects and thus, providing new information regarding dietary habits of Ozark big-eared bats.