A selective and sensitive liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS) method was developed and validated for analysis of xanthotoxol (1), xanthotoxin (2), isoimpinellin (3), bergapten (4), oxypeucedanin (5), imperatorin (6), cnidilin (7), and isoimperatorin (8) in rat bile and urine using pimpinellin as an internal standard (IS). An Agilent 1200 liquid chromatography system (Agilent Technologies, USA) equipped with a quaternary pump, an autosampler, and a column compartment was used for all analyses. Chromatographic separations were performed on a Sapphire C18 column (150 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm), and the column temperature was maintained at 30°C; the sample injection volume was 10 μL. The specificity, linearity, accuracy, precision, recovery, matrix effect, and several stabilities were validated for all analytes in the rat bile and urine samples. The method was successfully applied in monitoring the concentrations of eight coumarins in rat bile and urine after a single oral administration of Radix Angelicae Dahuricae extract with a dosage of 8.0 mL/kg. In the bile samples, the eight coumarins excreted completely in twenty-four hours. The average percentages of coumarins (1–8) excreted were 0.045%, 0.019%, 0.177%, 0.105%, 0.337%, 0.023%, 0.024%, 0.021%. In the urine samples, the eight coumarins excreted completely in seventy-two hours. The average percentages of coumarins (1–8) excreted were 1.78%, 0.095%, 0.130%, 0.292%, 0.082%, 0.008%, 0.005%, 0.004%. The method is robust and specific and it can successfully complete the requirements of the excretion study of the eight coumarins in Radix Angelicae Dahuricae.