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Extended elliptic mild slope equation incorporating the nonlinear shoaling effect

100%

Xiao Q.-L. , Li C.-H. , Fu X.-Y. , Wang M.-J.

Polish Maritime Research

2016

tom 23

nr Special Issue S1

The transformation during wave propagation is significantly important for the calculations of hydraulic and coastal engineering, as well as the sediment transport. The exact wave height deformation calculation on the coasts is essential to near-shore hydrodynamics research and the structure design of coastal engineering. According to the wave shoaling results gained from the elliptical cosine wave theory, the nonlinear wave dispersion relation is adopted to develop the expression of the corresponding nonlinear wave shoaling coefficient. Based on the extended elliptic mild slope equation, an efficient wave numerical model is presented in this paper for predicting wave deformation across the complex topography and the surf zone, incorporating the nonlinear wave dispersion relation, the nonlinear wave shoaling coefficient and other energy dissipation factors. Especially, the phenomenon of wave recovery and second breaking could be shown by the present model. The classical Berkhoff single elliptic topography wave tests, the sinusoidal varying topography experiment, and complex composite slopes wave flume experiments are applied to verify the accuracy of the calculation of wave heights. Compared with experimental data, good agreements are found upon single elliptical topography and one-dimensional beach profiles, including uniform slope and step-type profiles. The results indicate that the newly-developed nonlinear wave shoaling coefficient improves the calculated accuracy of wave transformation in the surf zone efficiently, and the wave breaking is the key factor affecting the wave characteristics and need to be considered in the nearshore wave simulations

An anatomical study of the origin, structure and insertion of the medial patellofemoral ligament

75%

Li C.-H. , Ricketts D. , Wang X.-S. , Yu T.-B. , Qi C. , Zhu Y.-L.

Folia Morphologica

2018

tom 77

nr 2

Background: Repair and reconstruction of the medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) has been undertaken for the treatment of patellar instability. For successful surgery detailed knowledge of the anatomy of the ligament is required. The aim of this study was to describe the origin, structure and insertion of the MPFL. Materials and methods: We studied cadaveric knees from 30 Chinese adults. We studied the origin, course and insertion of the MPFL. Results: We found that the MPFL was composed of two main strands, superficial and deep. We also found that the insertion of the MPFL into the femur had three common patterns. All three were located between the adductor tubercle and the proximal part of superficial medial collateral ligament. Conclusions: We have added to the anatomical knowledge of the structure of the MPFL. Our study has implications for guiding bone tunnel positioning during MPFL reconstruction surgery. (Folia Morphol 2018; 77, 2: 356–361)