Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

Ten serwis zostanie wyłączony 2025-02-11.

Nowa wersja platformy, zawierająca wyłącznie zasoby pełnotekstowe, jest już dostępna.
Przejdź na https://bibliotekanauki.pl

Ograniczanie wyników

2 Kwartalnik Historyczny

2 Dygo M.

Znaleziono wyników: 2

Liczba wyników na stronie

Wyniki wyszukiwania

Sortuj według:

Ogranicz wyniki do:

Czy istniał feudalizm w Europie Środkowo-Wschodniej w średniowieczu?

100%

Dygo M.

nr 4

Did Feudalism Exist in East-Central Europe during the Middle Ages?TheexistenceoffeudalismbasedonthefiefandorlanddominioninthekingdomsofPoland,BohemiaandHungaryduringtheMiddleAgesremainsdebatable. In turn, the destruction of the heretofore model of feudalism inWesternEuroperesultedinanegationofthedivisionofEuropeintofeudalandnon-feudal.Thereisnoneed,however,toresignfromtheconceptoffeudalismasananalytical category. The foundation of feudalism consisted of the landfief,whichemerged in connection with general growth of Western Europe inthe HighMiddle Ages. The concept of social scarcity explains a phenomenoncharacteristicforperiodsofgrowth, i.e.socialcontrolofaccesstopropertyenvisagedasstatussymbols. In the world of European knights during the High MiddleAgessocialscarcitywasrepresentedbyland.Accesstoitwascontrolledwiththeassistanceoffeudallaw. Therankofthevassalswasreinforcedby“culturalcapital”specific for them and concentrated on rivalry and maximum efforts.It is possible to speak about the reception of feudal law transferred from Germany to Moravia, Bohemia, and Silesia. Quite possibly, some sort of quasi-feudalism existed in Hungary. In Bohemia and Moravia, starting with the twelfth-thirteenth century,thereemergedaratherconspicuousgroupofministeriales;asimilarsituation also occurred in Silesia. Ministeriales could have also existed in twelfth-century Hungary. In Poland (with the exception of Silesia) there are no noticeable traces of ministeriales and certain elements of feudal law were probably used only to a slightextent.In the majority of East-Central Europe knights preferred full land ownership to conditional ownership. Processes of social exchange in connection with relatively weak growth during the High Middle Ages were incapable of moulding new communities sharing the feudal ethos of rivalry and competition.

Bernard z Clairvaux, heretycy i poganie. Próba interpretacji listu Bernarda w sprawie krucjaty słowiańskiej w 1147 roku

100%

Dygo M.

nr 1

W 1147 r. Bernard z Clairvaux napisał list w sprawie krucjaty przeciwko pogańskim Słowianom zamieszkałym na wschód od Łaby. Wyraził w nim pogląd, że naród Słowian należy albo całkowicie unicestwić, albo nawrócić. W artykule została postawiona hipoteza, że to słynne sformułowanie Bernarda powinno być interpretowane w kontekście jego poglądów dotyczących walki z herezją. Podstawą analizy są, oprócz przedmiotowego listu, także niektóre inne pisma Bernarda.

In 1147, Bernard of Clairvaux wrote a letter regarding a crusade against the pagan Slavs residing on the east side of the Elbe. In his opinion, the nation of Slavs should be either totally exterminated, or converted. The author of the article puts forward a hypothesis that this famous statement of Bernard’s statement ought to be interpreted in the context of his views and opinions on the fight against heresy. The analysis is based on, besides the mentioned letter, some other of Bernard’s writings.