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EN
This review is focused on findings concerning the presence of translation apparatus components (aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases, aminoacyl-tRNA, elongation factors) as well as translation itself in the nucleus. A nuclear role of these molecules is unknown. New findings suggest that well-accepted model of spatial segregation of transcription and translation in eukaryotic cell may be oversimplifcation. Nuclear coupling of both these processes show us how exciting and surprising may be the world of the living cell.
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Content available remote Szacowanie niepewności pomiarowej w woltamperometrii
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PL
Według międzynarodowego słownika terminów metrologicznych, niepewność jest parametrem, który ściśle powiązany jest z ostatecznym wynikiem pomiaru i stanowi rozrzut względem wartości, jaka może być przyporządkowana konkretnej wielkości mierzonej. W pracy podjęto próbę ukazania strategii umożliwiającej wyznaczenie niepewności pomiaru woltamperometrycznego w oparciu o wyznaczenie niepewności stężenia wzorca kwasu ferulowego oraz kolejnych jego dodatków. Aby jeszcze dobitniej wykazać słuszność prowadzonych w pracy działań, dla uzyskanych wyników w programie MATLAB wykreślono krzywą kalibracyjną uwzględniającą typową niepewność prądową oraz krzywą ujmującą niepewność dla obu osi układu współrzędnych wraz z niepewnością dotowanego wzorca. Ponadto dla wybranych krzywych kalibracyjnych sprawdzono jak sposób odjęcia tła oraz rodzaj dopasowywanej linii bazowej wpływa na miarodajność krzywej kalibracyjnej.
EN
According to the ISO Guide, uncertainty is a parameter closely linked to the final outcome of measurement and to scattering of value that can be assigned to particular measurand. In this master thesis the strategy enabling determination of the measurement uncertainty associated to voltammetric measurement on the basis of determination of uncertainty of concentration of ferulic acid and its further additions is discussed. To demonstrate the validity of operations, for the results obtained in MATLAB, the calibration curve representing typical uncertainty of the current curve was plotted, as well as the curve representing uncertainty of both axes of the coordinate system, along with uncertainty of ferulic acid standard. In addition to the selected calibration curves it was checked how background subtraction and the type of baseline matching affects the reliability of the calibration curve.
3
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EN
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons belong to one of the most widespread sources of organic pollutants. One of their basic sources are anthropogenic pollutants emitted mainly into the atmosphere. Eventually they enter soils and cause their degradation. An increasing trend in PAHs content has been observed in areas with moderate anthropopressure for many years now. This is related to pollutant transportation from industrial regions. The results obtained allowed the conclusion to be drawn that the main source of PAHs pollution in the area studied was the coal incineration process.
EN
Capillary electrophoresis mobility shift assay (CEMSA) was employed to qualitatively study the stability of RNA and RNA-peptide complex in human blood plasma. RNA-protein interactions play an important role in the replication cycle of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). Thus, the CEMSA method was adapted to study the interactions between viral trans-activation response element (TAR RNA) and the arginine-rich fragment (49-57) of viral trans-activation protein Tat HIVn1. The stability of the free and peptide- complexed TAR in human blood plasma was investigated using a polyacrylamide (LPA)-coated capillary and a sieving matrix with the separation buffer. Under the applied conditions the studies on micromolar concentrations of TAR could be performed without labelling in less than 30 min. In the presence of Tat peptide, a significant increase of the migration time of TAR from 18.66 min to 20.12 min was observed. The differences between the behaviour of the free and complexed TAR in human blood plasma were apparent during CEMSA analysis. Both species degraded progressively in time. The first products of degradation were detected immediately after spiking the plasma sample with the free TAR. Migration times of the degradation products were longer than for the free TAR. Free TAR was degraded completely after 60 min. Since TAR was unlabelled, the products of its degradation could not be identified. TAR complexed with the Tat-peptide was much more stable in plasma compared to the free TAR. Even after 180 min of incubation a large amount of the complexed TAR still could be detected. This work is the first to present the application of CE to the stability studies of the free and peptide-complexed RNA in human blood plasma.
PL
Przedstawiono metodę elektroforezy kapilarnej do jakościowej oceny stabilności RNA i kompleksu RNA-peptyd w plazmie ludzkiej krwi. Z powodu dużego znaczenia oddziaływań RNA-białko w cyklu replikacyjnym wirusa HIV-1, metodę zaadaptowano do badań oddziaływań slruktury TAR RNA z bogatym w argininę fragmentem (49-57) wirusowego biafka transaktywowanego Tat HIV-1. Oddziaływanie TAR-Tat jest odpowiedzialne za efektywną clongację wirusowego mRNA. Używając pokrytej poliakryloamidem (LPA) kapiiary i buforu zawierającego czynnik przesiewający badano stabilność wolnego i skomplcksowanego z peptydem TAR. Zastosowane warunki pozwoliły na badanie stabilności kompleksu TAR-Tat bez znakowania RNA, w stężeniu mikromolowym w czasie krótszym niż 30 min. W obecności Tat pcptydu zaobserwowano znaczące przesunięcie czasu migracji TAR od 18.66 do 20.12 min. Zachowanie wolnego i skompleksowancgo TAR było łatwo obser-wowalne przy zastosowaniu CE. Pierwsze produkty degradacji zaobserwowano natychmiast po zmieszaniu wolnego TAR z próbką plazmy. Czasy migracji tych produktów były dłuższe niż wolnego TAR. Całkowita degradacja TAR nastąpiła po l godz. TAR skompleksowany z Tat pcptydem był znacznie stabilniejszy w plazmie w porównaniu do wolnego TAR, Czasy migracji produktów degradacji przypominały te obserwowane w wypadku wolnego TAR. Prezentowana procedura opisuje po raz pierwszy zastosowanie CE do badania zachowania wolnego i skompleksowancgo zpeptydem RNA w ludzkiej plazmie krwi.
EN
Methylation of RNA and proteins is one of a broad spectrum of post-trans- criptional/translational mechanisms of gene expression regulation. Its functional signification is only beginning to be understood. A sensitive capillary electrophoresis mobility shift assay (CEMSA) for qualitative study of the methylation effect on biomolecules interaction is presented. Two RNA-peptide systems were chosen for the study. The first one consists of a 17-nucleotide analogue (+27-+43) of the yeast tRNA Phe anticodon stem and loop domain (ASL Phe) containing three of the five natu­rally occurring modifications (2'-O-methylcytidine (Cm32), 2'-O-methylguanine (Gm34) and 5-methylcytidine (m5 C40)) (ASL Phe -Cm32,Gm34,m5 C40) and a 15-amino-acid peptide (named tF 2: Ser1 -Ile-Ser-Pro-Trp5 -Gly-Phe-Ser-Gly-Leu10 -Leu- Arg-Trp-Ser-Tyr15 ) selected from a random phage display library (RPL). A pep- tide-concentration-dependent formation of an RNA-peptide complex was clearly ob­servable by CEMSA. In the presence of the peptide the capillary electrophoresis (CE) peak for triply methylated ASL Phe shifted from 18.16 to 20.90 min. Formation of the complex was not observed when an unmethylated version of ASL Phe was used. The second system studied consisted of the (+18)-(+44) fragment of the trans-activation response element of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (TAR RNA HIV-1) and a 9-amino-acid peptide of the trans-activator of transcription protein (Tat HIV-1) Tat(49–57)-NH2 (named Tat1: Arg49-Lys-Lys-Arg52-Arg-Gln-Arg-Arg- Arg57-NH2). In the presence of Tat(49–57)-NH2 a significant shift of migration time of TAR from 18.66 min to 20.12 min was observed. Methylation of a residue Arg52->Arg(Me)2, crucial for TAR binding, strongly disrupted formation of the complex. Only at a high micromolar peptide concentration a poorly shaped, broad peak of the complex was observed. CE was found to be an efficient and sensitive method for the analysis of methylation effects on interaction of biomolecules.
EN
The interaction of lupin ribosomal 5S RNA with a chemically synthesized peptide containing 60 amino acid, derived from Xenopus laevis transcription factor IIIA, is analyzed. The results show that such short fragment retains the ability of binding to 5S rRNA molecule, as shown by electrophoretic gel shift and RNase footprint assay. The peptide protects from hydrolysis with specific nucleases helix II and V of 5S rRNA.
EN
Enantiomerically pure (R)-1-(1-phenylethyl)imidazoles 4a,b can be prepared conveniently from alfa-(hydroxyimino)ketones 1, (R)-1-phenylethylamine and form aldehyde, fol lowed by deoxygenation with Raney-Ni. Similarly, the reaction with (R,R)-trans-cyclohexane-1,2-diamine yields enantiomerically pure (R,R)-trans-1,1'-cyclohexane-1,2-diyl)imidazoles 4c,d. Alkylation of these imidazole derivatives with alkylbromides leads to the corresponding 3-alkylimidazolium bromides 6 and 8, respectively, which on treatment with sodium tetrafluoroborate are transformed into the correspond ing tetrafluoroborates 7 and 9. Whereas some of the imidazolium salts 7 show properties of chiral ionic liquids, the bis-imidazolium tetrafluoroborates 9 are high-melting crystalline materials.
EN
Extracts from seawater and sediment pore water samples were characterised by capillary electrophoresis (CE). Siderophores of the ferrioxamine family were identified. Ferrioxamine E is the dominant siderophore in both seawater and sediment pore water samples from different regions of the Baltic Sea. Ferrioxamine G was identified in subsurface seawater samples from the Gdansk Deep. Rhodotorulic acid was also identified in seawater samples from the euphotic zone (0-30 m) of Puck Bay and in sediment pore water from Puck Bay and the Bornholm Deep. Ferrioxamine B was not found. The presence of catechol siderophores was not investigated.
EN
New data are presented on the interaction of model synthetic peptides con­taining an arginine-rich region of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-Tat), with native RNA molecules: tRNA Phe of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and 5S rRNA from Lupinas luteus. Both RNA species form complexes with the Tatl (GRKKRRQRRRA) and Tat2 (GRKKRRQRRRAPQDSQTHQASLSKQPA) pep- tides, as shown by electrophoretic gel shift and RNase footprint assays, and CD measurements. The nucleotide sequence UGGG located in the dihydrouridine loop of tRNA Phe as well as in the loop D of 5S rRNA is specifically protected against RNases. Our data indicate direct interactions of guanine of RNA moie­ties with argininc residues. These interactions seem similar to those observed in DNA-protein complexes, but different from those previously observed in the TAR RNA-Tat complexes.
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