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|
2017
|
tom Vol. 6, iss. 7
277--285
PL
W niniejszym artykule skoncentrowano się na wybranym przykładzie praktycznym dotyczącym obszaru zarządzania organizacją pracy w dziale utrzymania ruchu. Zaprezentowane studium przypadku problemu badanego przedsiębiorstwa opiera się na wykorzystaniu programu komputerowego doboru metod stymulowania innowacyjnych rozwiązań utworzonego przez Autorkę. Zastosowano dwie metody kreatywnego rozwiązywania problemów, tj. pytania naprowadzające oraz metodę Disneya. Dobrane przez program metody stały się uzupełnieniem innych narzędzi zarządzania wykorzystywanych w przedsiębiorstwie. Ich połączenie pozwoliło pracownikom na stałe wdrażanie zmian wypracowanych podczas przeprowadzonej sesji twórczej.
EN
This article focuses on the selected practical example of the work organization management area in the maintenance department. The presented case study of the problem of the researched company is based on the use of a computer program to select methods of stimulating innovative solutions created by the author. Two methods of creative problem solving were used, namely the guidance questions and the Disney method. The method chosen by the program has been complemented by other management tools used in enterprise. Their combination allowed employees to continuously implement the changes they had made during their creative session.
PL
Przedstawiono wyniki badań wpływu obróbki cieplnej na twardość, udarność i strukturę napoin wykonanych drutem odpowiadającym składowi chemicznemu stali X3CrNiMo 13-4. Ustalono, że proces spawania prowadzi do dużej segregacji składników w czasie krzepnięcia, co wpływa na przemiany fazowe w czasie obróbki cieplnej po spawaniu. Istnieje bardzo wąski zakres temperatur obróbki cieplnej 600-620°C gwarantujący optymalne skojarzenie twardości i udarności. Zbyt wysoka temperatura wyżarzania odpuszczającego powoduje obniżenie udarności w wyniku przekroczenia w miejscach segregacji temperatury Ac1 i powstania dużych ilości "świeżego" martenzytu.
EN
This paper reviews results of investigations how post welded heat treatment (PWHT) influences on hardness and microstructures weld joints in stainless steel X3CrNiMo 13-4. It is known that welding lead to high segregation components in solidification process, which has influence on phase transformations in PWHT. Investgated steel has very narrow PWHT range at about 600-620°C which provides optimum level of hardness and toughness. Too high annealing tempering temperature leads to weaker toughness. It causes exceeding Ac1 temperature in segregation range and leads to increased content of "fresh" martensite.
EN
The present studies were carried out on the brains of the adult mole and rabbit. The preparations were made by means of the Golgi technique and the Nissl method. Two types of neurons were distinguished in the preoptic area (POA) of both species: bipolar and multipolar. The bipolar neurons have oval, fusiform or round perikarya and two dendritic trunks arising from the opposite poles of the cell body. The dendrites bifurcate once or twice. The dendritic branches have swellings, single spine-like and filiform processes. The multipolar neurons usually have triangular and quadrangular perikarya and from 3 to 5 dendritic trunks. The dendrites of the mole neurons branch sparsely, whereas the dendrites of the rabbit neurons display 2 or 3 divisions. On the dendritic branches varicosities and different protuberances were observed. The general morphology of the bipolar and multipolar neurons is similar in the mammals studied, although the neurons of the rabbit POA display a more complicated structure. Their dendritic branches show more divisions and possess more swellings and different processes than the dendrites of the neurons of the mole POA. Furthermore, of the multipolar neurons only the dendrites in POA of the rabbit were observed to have a rosary-like beaded appearance.
EN
The aim of the study was to provide the topography and morphometric characteristics of the preoptic area (POA) of the guinea pig. The study was carried out on the brains of sexually mature guinea pigs of both sexes. A uniform procedure was followed in the study of the paraffin-embedded brain tissue blocks of males and females. The blocks were cut in the coronal plane into 50 μm sections and stained according to the Nissl method. The guinea pig POA consists of four parts: the medial preoptic area (MPA), lateral preoptic area (LPA), periventricular preoptic nucleus (PPN), and median preoptic nucleus (MPN). The topography and general structure of POA parts are similar in males and females. However, the PPNa cells of females are more intensely stained and are more densely packed than the PPNa cells of males. For morphometric analysis, the MPA and LPA as well as PPN and MPN were considered respectively as uniform structures, namely MPA-LPA and PPN-MPN. The statistical analysis showed that the volume of the PPN-MPN was larger in males than in females, whereas the MPA-LPA volume did not differ between the sexes. Moreover, the numerical density and the total number of neurons were statistically larger in males than in females in both the MPA-LPA and PPN-MPN. The parameters describing POA neurons were larger for MPA-LPA neurons in comparison with the PPN-MPN neurons. However, in this respect no sex differences were observed in both studied complexes. (Folia Morphol 2010; 69, 1: 15–23)
EN
The topography and neuronal structure of the dorsal nucleus of the lateral geniculate body (GLd) of the common shrew and the bank vole are similar. The lateral geniculate body of both the species examined has a homogeneous structure and no observable cytoarchitectonic lamination. On the basis of the shape of the dendritic arbours as well as the pattern of dendritic arborisations the following two types of neurons were distinguished. Type I “bushy” neurons that have multipolar or round perikarya (common shrew perikarya 9–12 µm, bank vole perikarya 10–13 µm), with 4–6 short thick dendritic trunks that subdivide into many bush-like branches. The dendritic trunks are smooth, in contrast to the distal branches, which are covered with numerous spine-like protrusions of different lengths and forms. An axon emerges from the soma, sometimes very close to one of the primary dendrites. The type I neurons are typically projection cells that send their axons to the primary visual cortex. These neurons predominate in the GLd of both species. Type II neurons, which have an elongated soma with primary dendrites arising from opposite poles of the perikaryon (common shrew perikarya 8–10 µm, bank vole perikarya 9–11 µm). The dendritic arbours of these cells are less extensive and their dendrites have fewer spines than those of the type I neurons. Axons were seldom observed. The type II neurons are presumably interneurons and are definitely less numerous than the type I neurons.
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