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Zastosowanie preparatów grzybów saprofitycznych jako środków ochrony roślin w uprawie pomidorów

100%

Bandurska K. , Krupa P. , Berdowska A. , Jatulewicz I.

Inżynieria Ekologiczna

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2015

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tom Nr 43

88--93

PL

Realizację ochrony środowiska można uskuteczniać na wiele sposobów. Jednym z nich może być ograniczenie stosowania chemicznych środków ochrony roślin. W przeprowadzonych badaniach określano wpływ grzybów z rodzaju Trichoderma na kondycję i zdrowotność sadzonek pomidorów. Doświadczenia prowadzono w warunkach kontrolowanych w kulturach wazonowych. Wykorzystano komercyjny preparat TRIFENDER zawierający zarodniki Trichoderma asperellum oraz izolowany z gleby ogrodniczej szczep T12 Trichoderma viride. Jednym z czynników doświadczalnych był patogeniczny szczep Fusarium sp. – grzyb często atakujący rośliny uprawne, przeciw któremu stosowany jest obecnie cały arsenał środków chemicznych. Preparatami uzyskanymi z izolowanych i namnożonych kultur grzybowych traktowano części nadziemne sadzonek (oprysk) i podziemne (podlewanie). Działanie grzybów Trichoderma określano porównując ilość nekroz liści w poszczególnych wariantach hodowli w stosunku do kombinacji kontrolnej. Rozwój sadzonek określano na podstawie wysokości roślin i ich suchej masy. Uzyskane wyniki wykazały ochronną rolę grzybów z rodzaju Trichoderma w stosunku do patogenu z rodzaju Fusarium. Liście pomidorów traktowanych preparatami grzybów saprofitycznych miały statystycznie istotną mniejszą ilość zmian nekrotycznych wywołanych patogenem. Efektywniejszy pod tym względem był niekomercyjny izolat T. viride. Użyte w doświadczeniach preparat Trifender jak i izolat T. viride znacząco statystycznie wpływały na wzrost i rozwój sadzonek pomidorów o czym świadczyła większa w porównaniu z kontrolą sucha i świeża masa roślin.

EN

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of the Trichoderma spp. fungi on the conditions and health of tomato plants. The experiments were conducted in pot cultures and controlled conditions. Commercial formula TRIFENDER containing Trichoderma asperellum spores and isolated from garden soil strain T12 Trichoderma viride were used. In one embodiment, the plants were treated with pathogenic strain of Fusarium sp. that commonly damages crops and against which the whole arsenal of chemicals is used. Preparations obtained from isolated and multiplied fungal cultures were used for the treatment of the above-ground (spraying) and under-ground (sprinkling) parts of tomatoes. Influence of the Trichoderma fungi was determined by comparing the presence of necrosis on leaves in various groups of cultivated tomatoes compared to control samples. The development of seedlings was checked by measuring the length of plants and the weight of fresh and dry plants. The results demonstrated the protective role of Trichoderma spp. fungi in relation to the Fusarium sp.. Leaves of tomato treated with solutions of saprophytic fungi had a statistically significant lower amount of necrotic changes caused by the pathogen. More effective in this regard was uncommercial isolate of T. viride. Formulation used in the experiments Trifender and isolate T. viride statistically significant influence on the growth and development of the tomato plants as evidenced by increased compared to the control fresh and dry weight of plants.

2

Adaptation of selected ectomycorrhizal fungi to increased concentration of cadmium and lead

100%

Bandurska K. , Krupa P. , Berdowska A. , Marczak M.

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. S

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2016

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tom Vol. 23, nr 3

483--491

EN

Plants together with water and minerals actively take from the soil heavy metals such as cadmium and lead. The negative role of ions of these metals on plant growth and development depends not only on their concentration in the soil, but also on a number of factors that may affect the transport of minerals from the soil to the roots. The harmful effects of xenobiotics getting from the soil to the plants are limited by the organic compounds contained in the soil, soil structure and pH. Particularly noteworthy are biotic factors, such as bacteria and fungi which greatly limit the translocation of heavy metals. Stream of new scientific reports show that the symbiotic combination of fungi with plant roots so called mycorrhizae is a factor that may be important in reducing the impact of soil contamination by heavy metals. Mycorrhiza by filtering solutions of water and mineral salts stop a considerable amount of heavy metals in the internal mycelium or on its surface. It was proved that plants with properly formed mycorrhiza grow better in hard to renew lands, such as salty, sterile soils contaminated with industrial waste. Questions to which answer was sought in this study are: 1) whether mycorrhizal fungi for many years growing in the contaminated areas have managed to adapt to these adverse conditions and 2) do the same species derived from clean areas are less resistant to contamination by heavy metals? Stated problems tried to be solved based on the fruiting bodies of fungi collected from ectomycorrhizal fungi picked from the areas contaminated by industrial emissions and areas free of contamination. The interaction of cadmium and lead ions on the growth of mycelium was examined by plate method and binding of heavy metals in fruiting structures of fungi were done by colorimetric method with use of methylene blue. It has been shown that the fungal resistance, even of the same species, to high concentration of heavy metals varies depending on the origin of symbiont. Isolated fungi from contaminated areas are better adapted to high concentrations of xenobiotics. Ability to bind cadmium and lead to fruiting bodies of fungi varies.

3

Study of Graphite - Polymer - Turbostratic Carbon Composites by Acoustic Emission Method at Perpendicular Geometry

100%

Berdowska A. , Berdowski J. , Aubry F.

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

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2018

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tom Vol. 63, iss. 3

1287--1293

EN

The purpose of this paper was to search the relations between the structure of the compressed expanded graphite–polymer–turbostratic carbon composites on successive stages of technological treatment and parameters describing the acoustic emission phenomena in these materials. The acoustic emission method can be used for measurements of changes in the structure and many different properties of materials. These investigations are a continuation of our earlier studies concerning physical, mechanical and chemical properties of porous composites created on the basis of a compressed expanded graphite matrix, obtained after successive technological procedures of impregnation, polymerization and carbonization of polyfurfuryl alcohol. The aim of this work was to investigate materials obtained at different levels of technological processing, thus with different densities, porosity, physical and chemical properties, by using the acoustic emission method. In compressed expanded graphite composites structures one can differentiate two basic directions: perpendicular to the bedding plane of graphite flakes and parallel to this one. The all presented results were obtained for the uniaxial strain applied in the direction perpendicular to the bedding plane of the composite structure. Analysis of acoustic emission parameters provides information on physical and chemical processes in these materials.

4

Correlations between Structures of Expanded Graphite - Polymer Composites and Acoustic Emission Phenomena

100%

Berdowska A. , Berdowski J. , Aubry F.

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tom Vol. 60, iss. 4

2479--2484

EN

Compressed expanded graphite was applied as a base matrix to the preparation of microporous composites as products of impregnation, polymerization and carbonization of poly-furfuryl alcohol. During carbonization, the original polymeric structure is transformed into an amorphous turbostratic carbon structure with ultramicropores. The structure, porosity and many chemical and physical properties change after each stage of their technological treatment. The acoustic emission method was used for accurate determination of these changes. It is possible to determine a large number of acoustic emission parameters and therefore to increase the amount of information provided by the studied materials. Acoustic emission pulses, counts rate, events rate, signal peak value and their sums were measured. Also frequency spectrum was received as a result of acoustic emission signal analysis with use of Fourier transformation procedure. The conclusions resulting from the Fourier analysis of the registered spectrum are very interesting and provide information about composite structures as well as bonds between the graphite matrix and the polymer that fills it. Analysis of acoustic emission parameters provides data on physical and chemical processes that would be very difficult to study by means of other techniques. Wide applications of these porous composites make them very interesting subject of the study.

PL

Sprasowany grafit ekspandowany użyto jako bazową matrycę do wytworzenia mikroporowatych kompozytów będących produktami impregnacji, polimeryzacji i karbonizacji alkoholu polifurfurylowego. Podczas procesu karbonizacji oryginalna struktura polimerowa jest przekształcana w strukturę turbostratyczną węgla amorficznego z ultramikroporami. Struktura, porowatość oraz wiele chemicznych i fizycznych własności ulega zmianie na poszczególnych etapach technologicznego procesu. Metodę emisji akustycznej użyto w celu dokładnego przebadania tych zmian. Możliwym jest wyznaczenie w eksperymentach dużej liczby parametrów emisji akustycznej co pozwala uzyskać dużą ilość informacji o badanych materiałach. Zmierzono następujące parametry emisji akustycznej: szybkość zliczeń, szybkość zdarzeń, amplituda impulsu, średnia wartość skuteczna sygnałów oraz sumy tych parametrów. Także analizowano widmo częstotliwościowe sygnałów przy pomocy transformaty Fouriera. Wnioski wynikające z analizy fourierowskiej widm są niezwykle interesujące i dostarczają informacje o strukturze kompozytów oraz o wiązaniach między grafitową matrycą a polimerem wypełniającym ją. Analiza parametrów emisji akustycznej dostarcza wielu danych o fizycznych i chemicznych własnościach, które byłyby bardzo trudne do zbadania przy użyciu innych metod. Szerokie zastosowania omawianej grupy porowatych kompozytów czyni je bardzo interesującym przedmiotem badań.

5

Bacterial microbiota and fatty acids in the faeces of overweight and obese children

63%

Barczynska R. , Litwin M. , Slizewska K. , Szalecki M. , Berdowska A. , Bandurska K. , Libudzisz Z. , Kapusniak J.

Polish Journal of Microbiology

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2018

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tom 67

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nr 3

EN

The growing number of children with overweight and obesity constitutes a major health problem of the modern world and it has been suggested that intestinal microbiota may influence energy intake from food. The objectives of this study were to determine quantity and proportions of dominant genera of Bacteroides, Prevotella (phylum Bacteroidetes); Clostridium, Lactobacillus (phylum Firmicutes) and Bifidobacterium (phylum Actinobacteria) in the intestines and to determine the content of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and branched-chain fatty acids (BCFAs) in the stool of 20 obese children and 20 children with normal body weight. Strains classified as Firmicutes (Clostridium and Lactobacillus) predominated in stool microbiota of obese children, while those of Bacteroidetes (Prevotella and Bacteroides) were in minority (p<0.001). Concentration of SCFAs in the stool of obese children was lower in comparison to the stool of normal weight children (p=0.04). However, these differences were significant only in obese children, not in overweight children in comparison with the lean ones. Therefore, in our study obesity was associated with intestinal dysbiosis and a predominance of phylum Firmicutes. Secondly, stool of obese children contained lower amounts of SCFAs.

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Basal and postprandial plasma levels of PYY, ghrelin, cholecystokinin, gastrin and insulin in women with moderate and morbid obesity and metabolic syndrome

51%

Zwirska-Korczala K. , Konturek S. J. , Sodowski M. , Wylezol M. , Kuka D. , Sowa P. , Adamczyk-Sowa M. , Kukla M. , Berdowska A. , Rehfeld J. F. , Bielanski W. , Brzozowski T.

Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology. Supplement

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2007

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tom 58

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nr 1

13-35

7

Fibroblast growth factor-21 and omentin-1 hepatic mRNA expression and serum levels in morbidly obese women with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

51%

Waluga M. , Kukla M. , Zorniak M. , Kajor M. , Liszka L. , Dyaczynski M. , Kowalski G. , Zadlo D. , Waluga E. , Olczyk P. , Buldak R. J. , Berdowska A. , Hartleb M.

Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology

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2017

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tom 68

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nr 3