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Apple peels and pulp as a source of bioactive compounds and their influence on digestibility and lipid profile in normal and atherogenic rats

100%

Leontowicz H. , Leontowicz M. , Gorinstein S. , Martin-Belloso O. , Trakhtenberg S.

tom 63

nr 11 Supl.

1434-1436

Golden delicious apples were separated for peels and pulp, dietary fibre content and some bioactive compounds were determined. Rats were fed a semipurified or LSM diet with or without the addition of cholesterol and 5% of apple peels or pulp, feed, and digestibility and lipid profiles in plasma were estimated. Apple peels were a better source of dietary fibre and bioactive compounds that had an influence on its TRAP value than apple pulp. Freeze-dried apple peels and pulp decreased protein digestibility but significantly affected the plasma lipid profile, expressed by a lowering of total cholesterol and LDL-C fraction contents only in rats fed a diet with cholesterol were noted. The high content of biologically active compounds in apples makes it preferable for dietary prevention of atherosclerosis and other diseases.

Determination of naringin and hesperidin in citrus fruit by high-performance liquid chromatography. The antioxidant potential of citrus fruit

72%

Gorinstein S. , Huang D. , Leontowicz H. , Leontowicz M. , Yamamoto K. , Soliva-Fortuny R. , Martin-Belloso O. , Martinez-Ayala A. L. , Trakhtenberg S.

Acta Chromatographica

2006

tom No. 17

108-124

Naringin and hesperidin in dimethyl sulfoxide extracts of citrus fruit (oranges, red and blond grapefruit, and sweeties – a hybrid of pummelo and blond grapefruit) have been analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography with a mobile phase prepared from 2% aqueous acetic acid and acetonitrile. The detection wavelength was at 285 nm. Antioxidant assays based on hydrogen atom-transfer reactions (oxygen radical absorbance capacity, ORAC) and on electron transfer (total phenols by use of Folin–Ciocalteu reagent, FCR; trolox-equivalent antioxidant capacity, TEAC; ferric ion-reducing antioxidant power, FRAP; and reaction with 1,1'-diphenyl- 2-picrylhydrazyl, DPPH) were used to compare the antioxidant potential of citrus fruit and their main flavonoids. The three antioxidant assays (FRAP, TEAC, and DPPH) were performed with prolonged duration of the assay time, because all fruit extracts require long reaction times to approach the end point in the scavenging reaction. Lipophilic and hydrophilic fractions from citrus fruit were investigated by the ORAC reaction. Relationships between the main flavonoids, total polyphenols, and antioxidant potential obtained by use of the FRAP, TEAC, and DPPH procedures showed that correlation coefficients are higher for polyphenols than for the main flavonoids (as markers of 100% citrus juices). HPLC is a precise method for obtaining reliable data on the bioactivity of citrus fruit grown under the same geographical and climatic conditions. The bioactivity of citrus fruit studied by use of five different antioxidant assays was in the order sweetie > red grapefruit > blond grapefruit = orange. Hesperidin and naringin are only partially responsible for the overall antioxidant activity of citrus fruit.