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Polki w Wenecji w drugiej połowie XVIII wieku . Zapiski z podróży Teofili z Radziwiłłów Morawskiej i Katarzyny z Sosnowskich Platerowej

100%

Kowalczyk M. E.

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nr 5

317-337

EN

Venice, one of the most enchanting cities in the world, has always been a very popular destination for travellers. For Poles who travelled through Europe in the eighteenth century, Venice was an important and frequently visited city. Polish noblewomen of that era, who travelled as frequently as their male counterparts, wrote many memoirs describing their journeys. Very few of their diaries, however, have survived to this day. Memoirs describing their Venetian escapades, rarely published, are mostly buried deep in archives and libraries. Travel diaries of Teofila Konstancja Morawska, née Radziwiłł (1738–1818) and Katarzyna Platerowa, née Sosnowska (born c. 1748– 1832), widely considered as two of the most interesting publications describing Venice of that time, are filled with thoughtful observations of life in eighteenth-century Venice. Details about the city’s landscape and architectural artefacts, the chronicles of theatrical performances, descriptions of works of art and local cuisine and customs represent a remarkable source of information about appearances, the mentality and everything that defined the life of the eighteenth-century Venetians. Their memoirs are on a par with those written by men of their time and their observant eyes make them an extraordinary source of information about life in Venice of the eighteenth century.

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„Synu mój najmilszy…”. Życie i edukacja Stanisława Mikołaja z Lubomirskich Tretera w latach 1776–1789, opisane przez ojca w trzynastu listach

100%

Kowalczyk M. E.

Biuletyn Historii Wychowania

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2011

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nr 27

59-70

EN

The author of the article presents the contents of an interesting treaty written in November 1785 in a mansion house in Mikołajów-situated in the Sandomierz area – by Stanisław Treter of the Lubomirskis (1744–1833), the chamberlain of the King Stanisław August Poniatowski. The purpose of the treaty was the presentation of life and education of his son Stanisław Mikołaj (1776–1861). The work devoted and dedicated to his, then nine-year-old, son, was written in a form of letters, very popular in the period of the Enlightenment. The letters are an interesting contribution to the history of upbringing, education, fatherhood, motherhood, childhood, travel and even medicine. They are a specific “voice of the epoch” reflecting the lifestyle, values, concerns and joys of the people of the Polish Enlightenment.

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„Osobliwie muszę tu wyznać zrządzenie Boskie nad tobą Synu mój kochany, iż twoja najlepiej cię kochająca Matka, uniesiona często słabością rozumu swojego, biła cię i źle ci życzyła”. Choroba psychiczna w rodzinie w drugiej połowie XVIII wieku na przykładzie dzieciństwa Stanisława Mikołaja Tretera

100%

Kowalczyk M. E.

Biuletyn Historii Wychowania

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2013

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nr 30

103-112

EN

Stanisław Mikołaj, son of Agnieszka, nee Izbicki, and Stanisław Treter, the king’s hamberlain, was born on 19th November 1776. When he was seven years old it turned out that his mother was mentally ill, most probably suffering from schizophrenia. In the 18th century mental and nervous disorders were very rare, and foreigners visiting Poland even thought they were characteristic of Poles. Certainly, mental disease in a family does not only affect the one who actually suffers from it, it has an impact on each family member and somehow everyone is involved. Agnieszka’s psychosis started with aggressive behaviour towards her family, and especially her son. She would destroy things which either belonged to him or were in some way related to him, she would scream at him, physically and mentally harass him. His father would usually buy the things the boy needed most, such as underwear, clothes and shoes, in well-kept secret. Agnieszka categorically opposed this and even “became stubborn and restless which influenced the atmosphere in this home”. Because of his mother’s disease and its influence on the atmosphere in the family, the boy often felt anxiety and fear, and sometimes even annoyance and despair. In ovember 1786 Stanisław Treter decided that it would be better if his wife stayed in Warsaw for a while. The atmosphere at home was becoming worse and worse, and their ten-year-old son required systematic and extensive education, while Agnieszka herself needed “professional” care. In the 18th century people who suffered from mental diseases would usually live with their families and be provided with good care and a kind of particular respect, unless they were dangerous to others. However, Agnieszka was completely unpredictable. Her irrepressible aggression was understood by her son as a lack of love and acceptance. He often felt lost and very lonely. His mother’s mental disease did not create supportive conditions for the development of the child’s emotions and mentality. Certainly, like any other child he loved his “Mummy” very much, so parting with her was a very difficult experience for the boy. Disharmony in the Treter family, which was the consequence of Agnieszka’s disease, developed in Stanisław Mikołaj patterns of instability, hostility and neglect. Thus it is not surprising that he became oversensitive, egoistic, combative and aggressive. We learn about Stanisław Mikołaj Treter’s difficult childhood from his father’s notes. In 1785 he decided to write a history of his son’s life and education, and it took him four years to write in 13 letters which are now kept in the Central State Historical Archive of Ukraine in Lvov.

PL

Stanisław Mikołaj, son of Agnieszka, nee Izbicki, and Stanisław Treter, the king’s chamberlain, was born on 19th November 1776. When he was seven years old it turned out that his mother was mentally ill, most probably suffering from schizophrenia. In the 18th century mental and nervous disorders were very rare, and foreigners visiting Poland even thought they were characteristic of Poles. Certainly, mental disease in a family does not only affect the one who actually suffers from it, it has an impact on each family member and somehow everyone is involved. Agnieszka’s psychosis started with aggressive behaviour towards her family, and especially her son. She would destroy things which either belonged to him or were in some way related to him, she would scream at him, physically and mentally harass him. His father would usually buy the things the boy needed most, such as underwear, clothes and shoes, in well-kept secret. Agnieszka categorically opposed this and even “became stubborn and restless which influenced the atmosphere in this home”. Because of his mother’s disease and its influence on the atmosphere in the family, the boy often felt anxiety and fear, and sometimes even annoyance and despair. In November 1786 Stanisław Treter decided that it would be better if his wife stayed in Warsaw for a while. The atmosphere at home was becoming worse and worse, and their ten-year-old son required systematic and extensive education, while Agnieszka herself needed “professional” care. In the 18th century people who suffered from mental diseases would usually live with their families and be provided with good care and a kind of particular respect, unless they were dangerous to others. However, Agnieszka was completely unpredictable. Her irrepressible aggression was understood by her son as a lack of love and acceptance. He often felt lost and very lonely. His mother’s mental disease did not create supportive conditions for the development of the child’s emotions and mentality. Certainly, like any other child he loved his “Mummy” very much, so parting with her was a very difficult experience for the boy. Disharmony in the Treter family, which was the consequence of Agnieszka’s disease, developed in Stanisław Mikołaj patterns of instability, hostility and neglect. Thus it is not surprising that he became oversensitive, egoistic, combative and aggressive. We learn about Stanisław Mikołaj Treter’s difficult childhood from his father’s notes. In 1785 he decided to write a history of his son’s life and education, and it took him four years to write in 13 letters which are now kept in the Central State Historical Archive of Ukraine in Lvov.

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Uwagi na temat edukacji Stanisława, syna Józefa Jana i Marianny z Ossolińskich Mniszchów

63%

Żołądź-Strzelczyk D. , Kowalczyk M. E.

Saeculum Christianum. Pismo Historyczne

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2023

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tom 30

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nr 1