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2009
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tom nr 9
46-47
EN
Surgical gown belongs to medical protective clothing. First of all, it protects transfer of infectious agents. In this way, the surgical gown protects a patient and health-care personnel against infections. It should have not only protective function but also present comfort of using and wearing.
EN
Polymer's membran is one of the component elements in protective clothing which is used in extreme fire conditions. The major aim of polymer membrane is to protect clothes against water. It also has to have high temperature and flame resistance properties because of occurrence.
3
45%
PL
Artykuł przedstawia specjalne, warstwowe układy włókienno-tworzywowe chroniące przed promieniowaniem elektromagnetycznym, charakteryzujące się stosunkowo dużą wartością współczynnika absorpcji fali elektromagnetycznej w szerokim zakresie częstotliwości w granicach od 800MHz do 18 GHz. Układy takie zostały skonstruowane z połączenia kilku płaskich elementów składowych, uzyskiwanych w wyniku nanoszenia na elektroprzewodzący nośnik dzianinowy, wytworzony z udziałem nitek konduktywnych, powłok past polimerowych domieszkowanymi nano- lub mikromateriałami funkcjonalnymi o właściwościach elektromagnetycznych.
EN
The paper presents special, multilayer, textile-polymeric systems that protect against electromagnetic radiation. They are characterized by relatively high coefficient of absorption of electromagnetic waves in a wide range of frequencies ranging from 800MHz to 18 GHz. These systems are designed as a combination of several flat components. The components are made as a result of thin-layer coating of knitted fabrics made of electroconductive yarns with special coatings, polymeric pastes with nano- and microparticles additions presenting electromagnetic properties.
PL
Do najszybciej obecnie rozwijanych grup włókienniczych wyrobów „high-tech” należą włókienno-tworzywowe materiały warstwowe, których jednym z podstawowych składników jest błona polimerowa. Błona ta ma decydujące znaczenie dla kształtowania właściwości barierowych i higienicznych całego materiału warstwowego. Właściwości barierowe to przede wszystkim wodo- i wiatroszczelność czy nieprzepuszczalność mikrocząstek stałych, bakterii i alergenów. Właściwości higieniczne są określane głównie przez przepuszczalność pary wodnej (w warunkach statycznych) oraz opór pary wodnej (w warunkach dynamicznych). Błony takie można modyfikować przez dodatek odpowiednich napełniaczy funkcjonalnych, przy czym ze względu na efektywność oddziaływania oraz brak niekorzystnego wpływu na strukturę i właściwości błon polimerowych, szczególnie dobre rezultaty daje zastosowanie napełniaczy nanocząstkowych lub submikrocząstkowych. W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań, wykonanych w ramach Projektu Badawczego Zamawianego PBZ-KBN-095/T08/2003 „Materiały polimerowe modyfikowane nanocząstkami. Technologie – właściwości – zastosowanie”. W rezultacie tych badań opracowano syntezę, z wykorzystaniem metody „zol-żel”, submikrokul SiO2 lub TiO2 oraz układów hybrydowych SiO2-TiO2, stanowiących nośniki, na których powierzchni trwale osadzano w formie „nanowysepek” czynnik antybakteryjny/ bakteriostatyczny – srebro metaliczne Ag, nadający wytwarzanym submikroproszkom wymaganą bioaktywność. Opracowane submikromateriały charakteryzują się dobrymi właściwościami dyspergowania, jak też stabilnością uzyskiwanych dyspersji. Tak otrzymane submikroproszki były stosowane jako napełniacze do – stanowiących matryce – błon poliuretanowych, zarówno hydrofobowych mikroporowatych, jak i hydrofilowych o strukturze zwartej. Błony takie wytwarzano technikami wielowarstwowego powlekania bezpośredniego lub odwracalnego, z zastosowaniem odpowiednio dobranych, dostępnych w handlu, jednoskładnikowych nieusieciowanych poliuretanów w formie roztworów w rozpuszczalnikach organicznych lub dyspersji wodnych. Do wytwarzania błon mikroporowatych wykorzystywano zoptymalizowana metodę separacji fazowej indukowanej odparowaniem rozpuszczalnika. Submikronowe napełniacze SiO2/Ag dodawano do past powlekających, w początkowych etapach wytwarzania błon. Podstawową trudność stanowiło uzyskanie równomiernego monocząstkowego rozproszenia opracowanych napełniaczy w paście powlekającej, utrzymującego się również w usieciowanych błonach. Taki stan rozproszenia ma decydujące znaczenie, zarówno dla efektywnego wykorzystania submikromateriałów, jak i uzyskiwania oczekiwanych wyników modyfikacji, w tym przypadku bakteriostatyczności, wytwarzanych materiałów powłokowych. Wymagane równomierne monocząstkowe rozproszenie cząstek submikroproszków SiO2/Ag uzyskano w wyniku zarówno odpowiednich modyfikacji procesu syntezy tych materiałów, jak i zastosowania zoptymalizowanych warunków wytwarzania zawiesin submikroproszków. W rezultacie badań opracowano bioaktywne poliuretanowe materiały powłokowe, zarówno hydrofobowe mikroporowate, jak i hydrofilowe o strukturze zwartej, charakteryzujące się dobrymi właściwościami bakteriostatycznymi, barierowymi oraz higienicznymi, zapewniającymi wysoki komfort użytkowania wykonywanej z takich materiałów odzieży ochronnej czy sportowej, jak również wyrobów specjalnych o zastosowaniach medycznych lub w profilaktyce zdrowotnej. Badania bakteriostatyczności wytwarzanych materiałów powłokowych wykonywano stosując zarówno metodę jakościową wg PN -EN ISO 20645:2005 (U), jak i ilościową wg AATCC 100-1993, odpowiednio dostosowanych do specyficznych charakterystyk takich materiałów. Uzyskany dobry efekt bakteriostatyczności jest odporny na wielokrotne pranie użytkowe, przy czym nie występuje zjawisko uwalniania submikroproszku ze struktury materiału powłokowego ani jego migracji na powierzchnię błony poliuretanowej. Trwałość związania nanowysepek Ag metalicznego z rozwiniętą powierzchnią submikrokul SiO2 potwierdzają wyniki jakościowej i ilościowej analizy rentgenowskiej, a także analizy mikrofotograficznej SEM.
EN
The high-tech textile products that are now under the fastest development include textile-polymeric multi-layer fabrics containing polymeric membrane as one of their basic components. This membrane is of paramount importance in the formation of barrier and hygienic properties of the whole multi-layer material. Barrier properties include first of all water-tightness and wind-tightness or impenetrability of solid microparticles, bacteria and allergens. Hygienic properties concern mainly water vapor permeability (under static conditions) and water vapor resistance (under dynamic conditions). Such membranes can be modified with suitable functional fillers, among which those with nanoparticles or submicroparticles provide particularly good results due to their effectiveness of interaction and no disadvantageous effect on the structure and properties of polymeric membranes. The paper presents the results of research and tests carried out within the framework of Ordered Research Project PBZ -KBN-095/T08/2003 ”Polymeric Materials Modified with Nanoparticles. Technologies– Properties – Application”. This project resulted in the development of synthesis of SiO2 or TiO2 submicrospheres and SiO2-TiO2 hybrid systems using the sol-gel method. These systems are carriers containing on their surface deposited “nano-islets” of antibacterial or bacteriostatic agent such as metallic silver to impart required bioactivity to the produced submicropowders. The developed submicromaterials are characterized by good dispersing capability as well as stability of dispersions. The submicropowders prepared in this way were used as fillers of hydrophobic microporous or hydrophilic compact-structured polyurethane membranes. The membranes were prepared by the methods of direct multi-layer coating or reversible coating with the use of appropriately selected, commercially available, mono-component noncross- linked polyurethanes in the form of solutions in organic solvents or aqueous dispersions. The microporous membranes were made by the optimized method of phase separation induced by the solvent evaporation. Submicron SiO2/Ag fillers were added to coating pastes in the initial stages of membrane formation. The main problem was to obtain an uniform dispersion of the nanoparticles of the developed fillers in the coating paste, being also stable in the cross-linked membranes. Such a state of dispersion is very important for both effective use submicromaterials and the expected effects of modification such as bacteriostatic properties of the coated materials. The required uniform dispersion of SiO2/Ag nanoparticles was obtained owing to proper modifications of the synthesis process as well as the use of optimized conditions for the preparation of submicropowder dispersions. Finally, the performed research and tests resulted in the development of bioactive polyurethane coating materials, both hydrophobic microporous materials and hydrophilic compact-structured materials that are characterized by good bacteriostatic, barrier and hygienic properties, and provide a high comfort of using either protective clothing, sports clothes or special products for medical applications. The bacteriostatic properties of the prepared coating materials were tested qualitatively by means of PN -EN ISO 20645:2005 (U), as well as quantitatively according to ATCC 100-1993, properly adapted to the specific characteristics of such materials. The obtained bacteriostatic effect is resistant to repeated washings, while there is no release of the submicropowders from the structure of the coating material and no migration to the surface of the polyurethane membrane. The stability of combination of Ag nanoislets with the developed surface of SiO2 submicrospheres has been confirmed by the results of qualitative and quantitative X-ray analysis as well as SEM microphotography analysis.
EN
Corona discharge as one of the forms of atmospheric plasma is a future pro-ecological alternative of many conventional wet treatment processes but it can also significantly assist in performing these processes. This is however conditioned by the adaptation of corona discharge characteristics to the properties of textiles being treated and the use of plasma under controlled, appropriately optimized process conditions to the expected results. To accomplish the aim of this study, there was designed and made a generator adapted to the needs of corona discharge treatment of textiles, equipped with special, original multi-segment electrodes that make it possible to obtain the expected high extent of fiber surface modification, and to maintain the fiber original strength properties at the same time. The treatment of synthetic fiber fabrics with corona discharge by means of this generator under specified optimized process conditions, which allow one to provide the fibers under modification with an optimized unit energy of activation, results in both physical and chemical changes in the top layer of these fabrics and consequently causing a significant modification of the technological and performance properties of the fabrics. The changes in the basic surface properties of fabrics from three major types of synthetic fibers - polyester, polyamide and polypropylene fibers, taking place due to this modification, are presented in relation to three selected woven fabrics made from multi-filament continuous yarns. All in all, the preliminary modification of such woven fabrics with corona discharge and the resultant changes in surface properties results in the expected improvement in the technological and performance properties of the modified textiles, including first of all wettability, which exerts a positive influence on the conditions of applying various auxiliary agents or fiber dyeability, as well as considerable increase in the adhesion to various polymeric coats, quality improvement of laminate bonding, water-tightness of coated fabrics and fastness of pigment printed fabrics. Another important use of the energy of corona discharge for the activation of synthetic fiber top layer makes it possible to impart new performance properties to modified fabrics by the formation of activated functional nano-layers. The positive effects of the improvement in the technological and/or performance properties of textiles treated with corona discharge justify the usefulness of using this treatment as pro-ecological assistance in performing various fiber finishing processes, and in some application even as the alternative to conventional processes. Under present conditions of growing water and energy shortage and increasing hazard to the environment and its protection costs, this pro-ecological aspect of the plasma processes is of paramount importance.
EN
Corona discharge as one of the forms of atmospheric plasma is a future pro-ecological alternative of many conventional wet treatment processes but it can also significantly assist in performing these processes. This is however conditioned by the adaptation of corona discharge characteristics to the properties of textiles being treated and the use of plasma under controlled, appropriately optimized process conditions to the expected results. To accomplish the aim of this study, there was designed and made a generator adapted to the needs of corona discharge treatment of textiles, equipped with special, original multi-segment electrodes that make it possible to obtain the expected high extent of fiber surface modification. and to maintain the fiber original strength properties at the same time. The treatment of synthetic fiber fabrics with corona discharge by means of this generator under specified optimized process conditions, which allow one to provide the fibers under modification with an optimized unit energy of activation, results in both physical and chemical changes in the top layer of these fabrics and consequently causing a significant modification of the technological and performance properties of the fabrics. The changes in the basic surface properties of fabrics from three major types of synthetic fibers -polyester, polyamide and polypropylene fibers, taking place due to this modification, are presented in relation to three selected woven fabrics made from multi-filament continuous yarns. All in all, the preliminary modification of such woven fabrics with corona discharge and the resultant changes in surface properties results in the expected improvement in the technological and performance properties of the modified textiles, including first of all wettability, which exerts a positive influence on the conditions of applying various auxiliary agents or fiber dyeability, as well as considerable increase in the adhesion to various polymeric coats, quality improvement of laminate bonding, water-tightness of coated fabrics and fastness of pigment printed fabrics. Another important use of the energy of corona discharge for the activation of synthetic fiber top layer makes it possible to impart new performance properties to modified fabrics by the formation of activated functional nano-layers. The positive effects of the improvement in the technological and/or performance properties of textiles treated with corona discharge justify the usefulness of using this treatment as pro-ecological assistance in performing various fiber finishing processes, and in some application even as the alternative to conventional processes. Under present conditions of growing water and energy shortage and increasing hazard to the environment and its protection costs, this pro-ecological aspect of the plasma processes is of paramount importance.
EN
Corona discharge us one of the forms of atmospheric plasma is a future pro-ecological alternative of many conventional wet treatment processes but it can also significantly assist in performing these processes. This is however conditioned by the adaptation of corona discharge characteristics to the properties of textiles being treated and the use of plasma under controlled, appropriately optimized process conditions to the expected results. To accomplish the aim of this study, there was designed and made a generator adapted to the needs of corona discharge treatment of textiles, equipped with special, original multi-segment electrodes that make it possible to obtain the expected high extent of fiber surface modification, and to maintain the fiber original strength properties at the same time. The treatment of synthetic fiber fabrics with corona discharge by means of this generator under specified optimized process conditions, which allow one to provide the fibers under modification with an optimized unit energy of activation, results in both physical and chemical changes in the top layer of these fabrics and consequently causing a significant modification of the technological and performance properties of the fabrics. The changes in the basic surface properties of fabrics from three major types of synthetic fibers - polyester, polyamide and polypropylene fibers, taking place due to this modification, are presented in relation to three selected woven fabrics made from multi-filament continuous yarns. All in all, the preliminary modification of such woven fabrics with corona discharge and the resultant changes in surface properties results in the expected improvement in the technological and performance properties of the modified textiles, including first of all wettability, which exerts a positive influence on the conditions of applying various auxiliary agents or fiber dyeability, as well as considerable increase in the adhesion to various polymeric coats, quality improvement of laminate bonding, water-tightness of coated fabrics and fastness of pigment printed fabrics. Another important use of the energy of corona discharge for the activation of synthetic fiber top layer makes it possible to impart new performance properties to modified fabrics by the formation of activated functional nano-layers. The positive effects of the improvement in the technological and/or performance properties of textiles treated with corona discharge justify the usefulness of using this treatment as pro-ecological assistance in performing various fiber finishing processes, and in some application even as the alternative to conventional processes. Under present conditions of growing water and energy shortage and increasing hazard to the environment and its protection costs, this pro-ecological aspect of the plasma processes is of paramount importance.
EN
This paper presents a method of antibacterial and fungicidal active particles production and conditions of their use in textile-polymeric coating materials with a wide range of practical applications, including clothing or health preventive measures. The functional antibacterial and fungicidal active particles reported here consist of silica submicro-spheres made by the sol-gel technique, whose developed surface was simultaneously overlaid with antibacterial metallic silver and fungicide copper nano-precipitates. This active powder constitutes significant progress in relation to the materials known, such as SiO2/Ag or SiO2/Cu particles. Our SiO2/Ag+Cu particles are incorporated into thin polymeric coats, mostly consisting of hydrophilic polyurethane with a compact structure, during their formation on the surface of textile fabrics to impart bactericidal and fungicidal properties to these fabrics at the same time. It is of importance that the additive used does not cause any perceptible deterioration in the basic performance properties of the coating materials modified, such as high resistance to water penetration, wind-proofness and good hygienic characteristics, determined by means of water vapour permeability. This paper presents assumptions for the manufacturing process and physico-chemical and morphological characteristics of submicro-particles of SiO2/Ag+Cu, as well as conditions of their use in polymeric micro-coats formed on the surface of textiles and the results of testing the performance properties of the coating materials obtained, including their antibacterial and fungicidal characteristics.
PL
W artykule przedstawiono założenia technologii wytwarzania i charakterystykę fizykochemiczną i morfologiczną nano- i submikrocząstek bioaktywnych o jednoczesnym działaniu przeciwbakteryjnym i przeciwgrzybiczym oraz warunków ich wprowadzania do włókienno-tworzywowych materiałów powłokowych o szerokim zakresie zastosowań użytkowych. Materiały te, typu SiO2/Ago+Cuo/Cu+ , stanowią - wytworzone techniką "zol-żel" - submikrokule krzemionkowe, na których rozwiniętej powierzchni zostały jednocześnie trwale osadzone nanowytrącenia srebra metalicznego o działaniu przeciwbakteryjnym oraz - miedzi w formie metalicznej lub/i jonowej, o działaniu przeciwgrzybiczym. Stanowi to istotny postęp w stosunku do znanych materiałów z naniesieniami nanocząstek tylko jednego metalu, typu SiO2/Ag lub SiO2/Cu. Opracowane materiały wprowadzane są do cienkich powłok polimerowych, najczęściej poliuretanowych hydrofilowych o strukturze zwartej, nadając tym wyrobom jednoczesny efekt trwałej odporności na rozwój bakterii oraz grzybów. Istotne jest, że stosowany dodatek nie powoduje odczuwalnego pogorszenia podstawowych właściwości użytkowych tak modyfikowanych materiałów powłokowych - ich wysokiej wodoszczelności i wiatrochronności oraz dobrych właściwości higienicznych, określanych przepuszczalnością pary wodnej.
9
32%
EN
Spherical silica powders with uniform, submicron grain diameter have been obtained using the sol -gel technology. Subsequently, metallic silver nanoparticles have been produced on the surfaces of the grains. Raman scattering spectra of such SiO2-Ag0 powders impregnated in ethanol solutions of tris(2,2' -bipyridyl)ruthenium(II) can be recorded for solutions four orders of magnitude more diluted than the lowest possible concentration detectable for complex liquid solutions in the same experimental conditions (the SERS effect). Also, such silver-doped silica powders display anti-microbial capabilities and can be used to obtain doped thin-film coatings, e.g. for the production of bacteriostatic textiles.
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