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Bounds of the effective elastic moduli of nanoparticle-reinforced composites based on composite sphere assemblage and interface stress model

100%

Tang Z. , Ye W.

tom Vol. 74, nr 4

283--317

Three different approaches are formulated to obtain the bounds of the effective elastic moduli of nanoparticle-reinforced composites based on the CSA and the interface stress model. It is found that the effective bulk modulus can be obtained by all three different approaches but the effective shear modulus can be obtained only by the energy approach. The bounds of the effective bulk modulus coincide and depend only on the interface bulk modulus, while those of the effective shear modulus are distinct and depend on two interface elastic constants. Furthermore, limit analysis discloses that the bounds of the effective bulk modulus of nanoparticles coincide but deviate from the bulk modulus of particle in the classical case, and the bounds of the effective shear modulus are distinct in contrast to the effective bulk modulus of nanoparticles or both effective moduli of conventional composites.

Thermodynamic contribution of nucleoside modifications to yeast tRNAPhe anticodon stem loop analogs

51%

Agris P. F. , Guenther R. , Sochacka E. , Newmann W. , Czerwinska G. , Liu G. , Ye W. , Malkiewicz A.

nr 1

The determination of the structural and functional contributions of natural modified nucleosides to tRNA has been limited by lack of an approach that can systematically incorporate the modified units. We have produced a number of oligonucleotide analogs, of the anticodon of yeast tRNAPhe by, combining standard automated synthesis for the major nucleosides with specialty chemistries for the modified nucleosides. In this study, both naturally occurring and unnatural modified nucleotides were placed in native contexts. Each oligonucleotide was purified and the nucleoside composition determined to validate the chemistry. The RNAs were denatured and analyzed to determine the van't Hoff thermodynamic parameters. Here, we report the individual thermodynamic contributions for Cm, Gm, m1G, m5C, Ψ. In addition m5m6U, m1Ψ, and m3Ψ, were introduced to gain additional understanding of the physicochemical contribution of Ψ and m5C at an atomic level. These oligonucleotides demonstrate that modifications have measurable thermodynamic contributions and that loop modifications have global contributions.