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Effect of the intensity of environmental regulation on production technology progress in 17 industries: evidence from China

100%

Liu J. , Ran M.

nr 6

We demonstrate the relationship between the intensity of environmental regulation and the progress of production technology. Using data from 17 industries in China during 2000-11, we estimate a dynamic model of production technology progress. Our empirical results indicate that a simple “U”-shaped relationship between the intensity of environmental regulation and industrial production technology progress does not exist. Some industries show a significant “U”-shaped relationship while others exhibit an inverted “U”-shaped relationship. Still others showed no significant relationship between production technology progress and the intensity of environmental regulation. We also found that there is no relationship between the effect of environmental regulation on industrial production technology and an industry's type of pollution.

Determination of adriamycin content in pectin–adriamycin conjugate in a two-phase reaction system by high-performance liquid chromatography

70%

Ran M. , Xie P. , Tang X. , Zeng G. , Yang J.

tom Vol. 30, no. 2

103--108

A newly proposed method for detecting content of adriamycin in pectin–adriamycin conjugate has been developed and evaluated. The content of adriamycin was detected by selective degradation of adramycin to adriamycinone. It was realized by a two-phase reaction system (water–chloroform reaction system), in which adriamycin was quantitatively converted to adriamycinone. Therefore, the latter can be used to calculate the precise content of adramycin in the polymer drug. To develop the method, the catalyst for degradation, the extraction solvent for adriamycinone, the temperature and time of degradation, and the ratio of pectin–adriamycin conjugate were investigated. The optimal reaction condition was as follows: 30 mg of pectin–adriamycin conjugate dissolved in 25 mL of water was added to a mixture of 25 mL of hydrochloric acid (1.5 mol/L) and 50 mL of chloroform; the mixture was heated to 40 °C to react for 1.5 h; after that, the mixture was extracted with chloroform for three times, and then the organic layer was combined and, subsequently, evaporated to remove solvent. Under this condition, adriamycinone generation rate reached 99.87%. The quantitative method was evaluated for linearity, the limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitation (LOQ), recovery, accuracy, robustness, and precision. The recoveries were between 99.47% and 101.07% with relative standard deviation <1.23%. The LOD and LOQ were 0.06 and 0.17 μg/mL, respectively. Compared to the traditional ultraviolet (UV) detection, this method is considered to be more precise for detecting content of adriamycin in its polymer conjugate.