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2 2018

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First report of Pythium aphanidermatum infecting tomato in Egypt and its control using biogenic silver nanoparticles

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Elshahawy I. , Abouelnasr H. M. , Lashin S. M. , Darwesh O. M.

Journal of Plant Protection Research

2018

tom 58

nr 2

In August 2016, tomato plants grown during a hot, wet summer with heavy soil flooding, displaying symptoms of wilting, dead plant, root rot with crown and stem rot, at Beni Suef and Fayoum governorates were examined. A number of 16 fungal isolates were isolated from tomato plants displaying the above symptoms. These isolates were classified as belonging to six species, namely: Alternaria solani, Chaetomium globosum, Fusarium solani, Fusarium oxysporum, Pythium spp. and Rhizoctonia solani. Isolates of Pythium spp. were prevalent and were found to be more pathogenic than the other fungal isolates. This species causes damping-off, root rot, sudden death, stem rot and fruit rot. The pathogen was identified as Pythium aphanidermatum based on morphological, cultural, and molecular characteristics. Biogenic silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were produced using the F. oxysporum strain and characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The size of these spherical particles ranged from 10 to 30 nm. In vitro, biogenic AgNPs showed antifungal activity against P. aphanidermatum. In greenhouse and field experiments, AgNPs treatment significantly reduced the incidence of dead tomato plants due to root rot caused by P. aphanidermatum compared to the control. All of the investigated treatments were effective and the treatment of root dipping plus soil drenching was the most effective. To the best of our knowledge, this study describes P. aphanidermatum on tomato in Egypt for the first time. Also, biogenic AgNPs could be used for controlling root rot disease caused by this pathogen.

Cultivation of Oleaginous Microalgae Scenedesmus obliquus on Secondary Treated Municipal Wastewater as Growth Medium for Biodiesel Production

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Eida M. F. , Darwesh O. M. , Matter I. A.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

2018

tom Vol. 19, nr 5

38--51

Local single cell microalgae isolated from a wastewater swamp and identified as Scenedesmus obliquus was used to determine its applicability for utilization of domestic wastewater for biomass and lipid production. Secondary treated domestic wastewater with or without mixing of growth medium was used to cultivate S. obliquus for the biomass and lipid production as a renewable feedstock for biodiesel. S. obliquus showed the highest OD when grown in 100% Bold’s basal medium (BBM). S. obliquus utilized 95.2% and 78.5% of P and N contents, respectively, when grown in 25% WW+75% BBM mixture and the utilization efficiency of both elements decreased with the increasing wastewater portion in the mixture. Although the BBM displayed the highest dry biomass and lipid production (25.15% of the cell dry biomass). The lowest values were recorded for the uninoculated wastewater, followed by 100% wastewater enriched with S. obliquus. The obtained data revealed that the lipid classes of S. obliquus differs according to the cultivation medium and conditions. The highest percentage of C16-C18 fatty acids (54.76% from total lipids) were recorded in case of algae cultivated in 100% wastewater, followed by 46.96% in case of 100% BBM medium. These results suggest the utilization of mixtures containing a higher portion of secondary treated wastewater, such as 75% WW+25% BBM or 50% WW+50% BBM, could increase the economical production of the lipid-rich microalgae S. obliquus for biodiesel through saving water and nutrients.