Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

THE RANGE OF INTERPERSONAL TRUST, BELIEFS ABOUT THE SOCIAL WORLD AND INDIVIDUAL SOCIAL EXPERIENCES. TWO KINDS OF TRUST AND THEIR ROLE IN A SOCIAL CAPITAL

100%

Skarzynska K. , Radkiewicz P.

Kolokwia Psychologiczne (Psychological Colloquia)

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2007

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tom 16

55-72

EN

A starting point of the analyses presented in this article is characteristic for Polish society low level of trust in people, which is accompanied by high level of declared social bonds with close and familiar people, especially with family. On a basis of results coming from nation-wide representative random sample (n = 891) authors show the following regularities: 1) trust in people and trust in familiars seem to be different and almost independent dimensions; 2) generalized trust in people is deeply rooted in social beliefs about the nature of human being and human relations; while trust in familiars is strongly rooted in positive interpersonal experiences and social bonds; 3) only trust in familiars seems to create social capital, i.e. is linked with institutional civic involvement.

2

GOOD FOR RELATIVES OR FOR A COMMUNITY? BENEVOLENCE AND UNIVERSALISM AS DETERMINANTS OF CIVIC ACTIVITY IN POLAND AND OTHER EUROPEAN COUNTRIES

100%

Radkiewicz P. , Skarzynska K.

Psychological Studies

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2006

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tom 44

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nr 3

51-64

EN

The article concerns the analysis of relationships between personal values and civic activity. The main hypotheses claims that individual's involvement in civic activities is determined by universalism and benevolence - two types of prosocial values defined in the S. Schwartz's model of personal values. The authors made use of the data derived form large international research European Social Survey. The results show that civic activity in Europe has certain common denominator, which consists of competence, effectiveness and efficiency. In most of the national communities quite strong effects of universalism have been revealed; and merely in two cases it was an effect of benevolence (Poland, Germany). The authors point at an existence of dissimilar models of the civic participation emerging in advanced democracies and in postcommunist countries (including Poland). It consist in fact, that in advanced democracy model one of the most important predictors of civic activity is the level of universalistic values acceptance, while in postcommunist countries universalism turned out to be meaningless factor.

3

INTERNET, SOCIAL CAPITAL, HAPPINESS. WHO, WHAT AND WHY OBTAIN BENEFITS USING THE INTERNET?

100%

Skarzynska K. , Henne K.

Kolokwia Psychologiczne (Psychological Colloquia)

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2005

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tom 13

171-186

EN

There is a debate in the literature concerning psychological and social effects of the Internet usage. A question is raised if this medium helps developing social contacts and building social support networks (enhance building social capital), increases psychological well-being, or the contrary - destroys social networks, lowers social trust, and makes people less happy (Putnam, 1995; 2000; Wellman et al., 2001; Kraut et al., 2002).Analysis, presented in this article, are based on the data of the representative Polish sample, gathered in the 'Social Diagnosis 2003' project. Three groups were compared. Two of them were created upon the criterion of intensity and length of the Internet usage. The third group consisted of those who don't use this medium at all. Influence of socio-demographic variables (such as: age, sex, education, place of residence, income) were also controlled.Results show that those who use the Internet, comparing to those who do not, have more sense of happiness, more friends, and declare more sense of social support. Moreover, the longer period of the Internet usage, the higher level of declared sense of happiness and social capital.

4

HOPE IN ENTITATIVITY? THE COGNITIVE PREDICTORS OF EXPECTATIONS OF POLES ABOUT THE CONSEQUENCES OF ACCESSION TO THE EUROPEAN UNION

80%

Skarzynska K. , Safron M. , Wisniewska-Juszczak D.

Psychological Studies

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2006

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tom 44

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nr 3

65-76

EN

The paper concerns the cognitive predictors of the young Poles' positive expectations about Poland's accession to the European Union. The following cognitive variables were taken under consideration in the study: perception of entitativity of the EU, perception of the EU cooperativeness related to Poland, perception of the relationship between the EU and the USA, interpersonal trust (as individual characteristic). The data were collected in April 2004, two weeks before Poland's formal accession to the EU. Participants were students of Warsaw University, Economic Academy and Agricultural Academy (n=168). In four experimental groups the level of entitativity of the EU was manipulated (by verbal instruction or by a map of the EU presentation); there was no manipulation in control group. Beside weak results of manipulation (there was no replication of effects received in American studies), it appeared that the perception of the EU's cooperativeness was the best predictor of the level of hope (positive expectations) toward the accession. The perceived entitativity of the EU and the level of interpersonal trust were also significant (and positive) predictors of hope. The results let us to conclude that also the perception of the relationship between two main international actors (the EU and the USA) carry some weight for Poles' opinions about the accession. It seems that the time of conducting the study could be itself a kind of manipulation - the knowledge about the EU was activated by promotion actions and/ or the EU could be already seen as the 'own group'.The positive dependence between perceived entitativity of the EU and expectations toward accession seems the logical effect of this perception. The role of interpersonal trust for these expectations seems interesting - a personal characteristic can modify how the international policy is perceived. Finally the perceived the EU - USA relations can be considered from both, historical (Poland in Europe, Polish immigrants in America) and psychological (Heider's balance theory) perspective.

5

Sample handling and determination of physico-chemical parameters in rime, hoarfrost, dew, fog and cloud water samples - a review

80%

Skarzynska K. , Polkowska Z. , Namiesnik J.

Polish Journal of Environmental Studies

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2006

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tom 15

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nr 2

EN

Our paper discusses many types of samplers used for collecting samples from precipitation and atmospheric deposits (fog and cloud water, dew, hoarfrost and rime). Equipment of various degrees of automation is presented. The paper also presents bibliographical information on the concentration range of inorganic and organic compounds in precipitation and atmospheric deposit samples, the storage and/or preparation of samples for analysis, and the techniques of final determination.