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3 Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica

1 1982

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Systemowa postawa badawcza a współczesne zjawiska gospodarcze

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Opawski K. , Uniwersytet Łódzki I. E. P.

1982

tom 14

The article constitutes an attempt at justification of the need of systems approach to the whole economic activity along with its natural context. The point is to find an approach encompassing different aspects of economic life in a manner allowing to create a comprehensive theory of these phenomena. The need of such approach to economic phenomena has its origins both in processes occuring in economic reality and its natural context, and development processes of the science itself. The research approach gained special significance in the contemporary science, and together with it — justification of initial research stages. Increased importance of these problems ensues from far-reaching effects of cognitive fertility of the accepted research concept. The systems approach consisting in a comprehensive approach to the analyzed objects appears to be especially effective today. This approach is a source of many scientific achievements and is deeply rooted in Marx's method. Simultaneously the economic reality on the world scale begins to function as a strongly internally linked system. Apart from that there are problems of ties between economy and man's natural environment with these feedbacks becoming more and more obvious in the recent years. Thus there exists a convergence in development of reality, being an object of interest of theory of economy, and form of research methods. This convergence calls for detailed analysis in the light of growing practical problems and special effectiveness of systems approaches.

Zagraniczna siła robocza w gospodarce RFN w latach 1960—1976. Zarys problematyki

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Opawski K. , Instyt Ekonomii Politycznej U. Ł.

The author points out briefly the key relationships existing in the discussed problem, which are represented by economic causes and effects connected with employment of the foreign labour in the Federal Republic of Germany. Contemporary international migration movements are dominated by transfer of labour, and thus migration of ecomomic character from poorly developed to highly developed economies. This phenomenon is most pronounced in Europę. The cause of intensified labour import by West European countries in the period after the Second World War lies in insufficient supply in the labour market (manpower barrier). The FRG plays a dominant role in the process of labour import in West Europę. Main suppliers of labour to the FRG are Italy, Turkey, and Yugoslavia. In the period of 1960—1973 with slightly changing overall employment there was taking place a process of replacing German labour by foreigners. Simultaneously, as a result of concentration of foreign labour in industries boasting bigger than average labour efficiency, the share of foreign labour in increase of labour efficiency and in increment of the GNP was also above the average. Inflow of foreign labour also created in the labour market conditions for structural changes occuring in the FRG's economy. From the viewpoint of economic conditions the foreign labour performs the role of a „bumper", which implies relative reduction of tensions in the German labcur market due to economic dislocations. The foreign labour represented in the period of 1960— 1976 an objectively indispensable element of the FRC's economic potential.

Konserwatywne „państwo dobrobytu” – model aktywności gospodarczej w RFN w latach osiemdziesiątych

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Opawski K. , Instytut Nauk Ekonomicznych P.

The "welfare state" based on rules of the state intervention in the economy having their roots in Kaynesism and welfare programs developed and expanded against this background was thriving end consolidating in the FRG in the late sixties and in the early seventies. A peculiar reaction to consolidation of the doctrine and practice of the "welfare state" in the FRG was intensification of neoconservative trends in the social thought since the early seventies. The conservative "welfare state" is a model of socio-economic stabilization connected with a new stage in development of the capitalist есоnоmу in the FRG among deteriorated general conditions of growth. The resulting model is an effect of adjustment of the neoliberal economists to the contemporary socio-economic conditions, and, simultaneously, an effect of adjustment of the economic policy concept to neoliberal values.