Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Metody ograniczania niskiej emisji w zabudowie miejskiej

100%

Proszak-Miąsik D. , Nowak K.

Instal

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2019

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tom nr 6

18--22

PL

Przedmiotem opracowania jest przedstawienie metod zmniejszania emisji niskiej oraz pokazanie jak pozytywnie na środowisko wpłynie wymiana źródła ciepła w budynku. Przez niską emisję rozumiemy zanieczyszczenie niższej troposfery od emiterów nieprzekraczających 50 m wysokości i najczęściej zlokalizowanych na poziomie 10 m wysokości. Z tego powodu zanieczyszczenia gromadzą się wokół jego miejsca pochodzenia. Podstawowym źródłem niskiej emisji na terenach miejskich jest produkcja energii elektrycznej i ciepła oraz transport. Dlatego wykonano symulację, która miała na celu określić ile powstanie produktów spalania (w tym tych najgroźniejszych dla zdrowia człowieka i środowiska: dioksyny, wielopierścieniowe węglowodory aromatyczne (benzo(a)piren), tlenek węgla, dwutlenek siarki, tlenki azotu, metale ciężkie) w ciągu roku w przeciętnym budynku (zapotrzebowanie na ciepło przyjęto 90 kWh/rok·m2) przy spalaniu miału węglowego w najstarszych kotłach i jak te wartości zmienią się przy zmianie źródła ciepła i paliwa.

EN

The subject of the study is to present methods for reducing low emission and to show how positive the environment will be affected by the replacement of the heat source in the building. By low emission we mean pollution of the lower troposphere from emitters not exceeding 50 m in height and most often located at the level of 10 m in height. For this reason, pollution accumulates around its place of origin. The basic source of low emission in urban areas is the production of energy and heat as well as transport. Therefore, a simulation was carried out to determine how many combustion products (including the most hazardous to human health and the environment are: dioxins, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (benzo (a) pyrene), carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, heavy metals) within in the average building (90 kW/year for heat demand) for the combustion of fine coal in the oldest boilers and how these values will change when the heat and fuel source changes.

2

Ogrzewanie powierzchni zewnętrznych za pomocą pomp ciepła

100%

Nowak K. , Proszak-Miąsik D.

Instal

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2020

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tom nr 2

25--28

PL

W niekorzystnych warunkach zimowych jesteśmy zmuszeni do eliminacji lub łagodzenia wad związanych z gromadzeniem się śniegu i lodu na chodnikach, schodach, podjazdach, parkingach, dachach, placach czy boiskach sportowych. Istnieje wiele sposobów usuwania śniegu i lodu z rozważanych powierzchni, w tym chemiczne, mechaniczne lub z wykorzystaniem instalacji grzewczej. Metody mechaniczne lub ręczne nie zawsze pozwalają na całkowite usunięcie śniegu i lodu, natomiast substancje chemiczne często mają negatywny wpływ na środowisko. W tej sytuacji najskuteczniejsze jest zastosowanie instalacji grzewczej elektrycznej lub wodnej. W artykule przedstawiono wyniki analizy technicznej systemu ogrzewania parkingu dla samochodów osobowych z wykorzystaniem pompy ciepła z gruntowym wymiennikiem ciepła, a także analizę finansową jego zastosowania w ustalonych warunkach. Z poznawczego punktu widzenia interesujące było zbadanie, czy proponowana instalacja jest technicznie i ekonomicznie wykonalna.

EN

In unfavourable winter conditions we are forced to eliminate or mitigate the defects associated with the accumulation of snow and ice on pavements, stairs, driveways, parking lots, roofs, squares or sports fields. There are many ways to remove snow and ice from the surfaces under consideration, including chemical, mechanical or heating installations. Mechanical or manual methods do not always allow complete removal of snow and ice, while chemicals often have a negative impact on the environment. Electric or water heating is the most effective way of doing this. The paper presents the results of technical analysis of a parking lot heating system for cars with the use of a heat pump with a ground heat exchanger, as well as financial analysis of its application in the established conditions. From the cognitive point of view, it was interesting to examine whether the proposed installation is technically and economically feasible.

3

Management of Solid Biomass in Medium Power Boiler Plants

80%

Rybak-Wilusz E. , Proszak-Miąsik D. , Kuliński B.

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2020

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tom Vol. 21, nr 1

106--112

EN

Solid biomass plays a leading role in the development and dissemination of technologies pertaining to the usage of renewable raw materials. The biomass processed into solid biofuel requires special logistic operations. Distribution from the place of production, handling and storage of biofuel are basic and necessary elements of the chain of fuel supply to the energy source. Solid biofuels for energy use occur in different forms which affect the costs of logistic operations. Rational heat generation requires choosing a specific type and form of biofuel, assessing the availability of raw materials, integrating fuel management with energy source technology and, above all, determining the cost of energy generation. The cost of energy generation includes the cost of fuel and logistic operations, which depend mainly on a type and form of fuel. Currently, the commonly used biofuels are wood chips, straw and pellets. This paper presents a comparison of heat demand of 400 kW, 600 kW and 1 MW boiler plants generating heat for the purpose of heating buildings and water. The analysis took into account three forms of biofuels: compressed, crushed and granulated forms resulting from different types of biomass (straw, woodchips, pellets). The cost of heat generation in the aspect of biofuel management and the share of particular cost components in heat production were determined. It was shown that in medium power boiler plants, the granulated fuel has the lowest cost of biomass distribution, whereas wood chips have the lowest cost of heat production.

4

Investment in solar collectors on the example of a city and commune Błażowa

80%

Proszak-Miąsik D. , Darmochwał J. , Gargała J.

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tom Vol. 37, No. 67

59--69

EN

Due to depleting natural resources and increasing costs of their extraction, alternative energy sources are becoming an import ant branch of energy. Their impact on environmental pollution is much lower than with conventional energy sources, or if you consider solar energy zero. Currently, many programs are subsidizing the costs of assembly and devices using renewable power sources, the beneficiaries of which are residents of municipalities participating in projects that are largely financed by the European Union. Solar collectors are devices used to heat water for everyday use in homes and farms. Thanks to adequate sunlight they are able to provide comfortable medium temperature conditions for most of the year. This significantly reduces bills for natural gas or electricity - depending on the type of water heater. Collectors are divided into 3 types: flat, vacuum and focusing. Their heat conducting medium may be liquid or gas. Photovoltaic devices, solar collectors and biomass stoves were used in the commune and the city of Błażowa. Focusing on collectors, it can be seen that the flat collectors have been selected, which have a good priceperformance ratio and the energy obtained. 210 households benefited from the co-financing program. Most people decided to install collectors on residential buildings because their own contribution depended on the location of the devices - 8% VAT for mixing buildings and 23% VAT for farm buildings. The cost of the set on a residential building depended on the power and ranged from 2,488.00 [zł] to 3,131.60 [zł], which with a net price without co-financing of respectively 8600,00 [zł] to 10,770.00 [zł] gives a very large saving. The effect of the investment is about 75% energy saving, which in a few years allows you to recover the money invested in collectors.